Geography unit 1-3

Geography

the study of Earth and the forces that shape it, both physical and human

Historiography

the study of historical writing, methodology, and interpretation

Primary source

Firsthand Accounts, Created by someone who experienced the event

Secondary source

Secondhand Accounts, Created by someone who did NOT experience the event

Political map

Political Maps show boundaries between countries, states, counties, etc

Physical map

show the natural landscape features of Earth

relative location

describes a place’s position in relation to other landmarks or known places

absolute location

the exact position of a place on the Earth’s surface, often represented by specific coordinates

Hydrosphere

All water on and around earth

hydrology

the branch of science concerned with the properties of the earth's water, and especially its movement in relation to land.

Erosion

geological process in which earthen materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.

Deposition

geological process in which earthen materials are deposited, or built up, on a landform

Plate techtonics

theory explaining the structure of earths crust

Divergent plates

← →

convergent

→←

transform plates

\/ /\

volcanos

occur within the plates, and are created when there is an upwelling of magma through the crust

Hot spots

region of the mantle that upsells magma to create volcano

Earthquakes

result of plate deformations caused by movement

ring of fire or circum belt

a path along the pacific characterized by active volcanos and earthquakes

renewable resources

resources that can be replenished naturally over time

Non renewable

resources that are not replenished with the speed at which they are consumed. The supply is finite.

Conservation

strategies aim to protect, preserve, and manage resources efficiently

Pillars of sustainability

social. Economic and environmental

Big c culture

Easily recognized pieces of culture

lil c culture

Less thought about pieces of culture

Cultural hearth

geographical region where a culture originated

distance decay

The idea that intensity of a culture dereases the farther away from the hearth it is

Cultural diffusion

Way culture is spread

migration

Movement of people

Urbanization

process by which people move from rural to urban areas, and the ways that societies adapt to this change

Population distribution

the pattern of where people live across a geographic area

Population density

Calculated by dividing the total population by the land area, showing how concentrated people are in a given region

Population pyramids

Compares the percentage of the population at different age brackets and by gender

Identify pop. Pyramid refer to study guide

1:negative growth 2:0 3:rapid 4:slow

what are the types of cul. Diffusion

relocation, expansion: hierarical, stimulus, contagious