AUBF FECALYSIS

What are the 2 main types of diarrhea based on mechanism

Secretory Diarrhea

Osmotic Diarrhea

What causes secretory diarrhea?

Increased secretion of water

What causes osmotic diarrhea?

Increased osmotically active solutes (maldigestion and malabsorption)

What are the characteristics of diarrhea?

Watery

Normal odor

Increase fecal frequency and volume

What are the characteristics of steatorrhea?

Greasy

Foul odor

Spongy consistency

This indicates water and electrolyte imbalance, acidosis and weight loss

Diarrhea

This indicates malnutrition and weight loss

Steatorrhea

What is the cause of steatorrhea?

Maldigestion or Malabsorption of dietary fats

What is the daily fecal passage in grams?

100 to 200 grams

What test indicates malabsoprtion?

D-xylose test

What condition involves altered intestinal motility and may cause diarrhea or constipation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

What is intestinal hypermotility associated with?

Diarrhea

What does the presence of WBCs of feces indicate?

Inflammation or Mucosal damage

What do undigested striated muscle fibers in feces suggest?

Maldigestion

What are the two types of muscle fiber striations seen in feces?

Vertical and Horizontal striations

What is the significance of neutrophils in fecal leukocytes?

Wet prep with methylene blue

Dried smears with wright’s or gram stain

What is the gold standard method for fecal fat quantification?

Van de kramer titration

What is the most frequent test for occult blood in stool?

Guaiac-based test

What principle does the guaiac test rely on?

Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin

What specimen is used for APT test

Grossly bloody stools

Vomitus of the baby

What does the APT test differentiate?

Fetal blood vs Maternal blood

What reagent is added in the APT test to determine blood origin?

Sodium hydroxide