Artificial Intelligence Practice Exam Review

Flashcards based on a test transcript covering Artificial Intelligence fundamentals including search algorithms, machine learning, rule-based systems, and probability.

Which approach defines Artificial Intelligence as the automation of activities related to human thinking?

Thinking Humanly

In backward chaining, what is identified first?

A hypothetical goal

How is discrete data best described?

Data that can be counted and takes integer values only

Which machine learning approach uses labeled training data?

Supervised learning

Which part of the inference engine is responsible for matching facts with rules?

Matching unit

What is an example of continuous data?

A person's height

What is the primary characteristic of supervised learning?

Learning from labeled data to predict outputs

What was the traditional way of building a spam filtering algorithm?

Writing rules to detect observed patterns

What is the main assumption of the Naïve Bayes classifier?

All attributes are independent

Which science contributed to the concept of rationality in Artificial Intelligence?

Philosophy

What is another name for uninformed search?

Blind search

What term represents the set of all possible solutions in a search problem?

Search space

Which of the following best describes the initial state in a search problem?

The state where the agent begins the search

Which problem type is best solved using classification rather than regression?

Determining whether an email is spam or not

How is a graph defined in the context of search and data structures?

A set of nodes and edges

Which layer of Natural Language Processing (NLP) manages word breakdowns, pluralization, structural inflections, and specific prefixes or suffixes?

Morphology

What is the primary goal of robotics?

To design intelligent machines that can help humans

What is used in informed search to guide the algorithm?

Heuristic function

What does the forward chaining approach begin with?

The working memory

Which step typically occurs after evaluating the model's performance in the machine learning workflow?

Parameter tuning

Which approach combines a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data?

Semi-supervised learning

What is the standard structure of a rule in Artificial Intelligence?

IF-THEN structure

What is a common characteristic of most artificial intelligence problems?

They tend to be computationally complex

Which classic linguistic challenge in NLP is currently considered only partially solved by modern algorithms?

Contextual Word Disambiguation

What is the role of the inference engine in a rule-based system?

It matches conflict groups and chooses actions based on rules

What is the probability of getting an even number when rolling a die once?

$$3/6$$

Which AI approach focuses on studying intelligent behavior in industry?

Acting Rationally

How is intelligence defined in the context of Artificial Intelligence?

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, think, remember information, and deal with everyday demands

In a simple linear regression where $\text{n} = 5$, $\text{slope (w)} = 2.00$, $\text{sum of y} = 30$, and $\text{sum of x} = 10$, what is the calculated intercept $b$?

$$2$$

What are the main components of a rule-based system?

Conflict group, Inference engine, Knowledge base, and Working memory

What is the sample space when flipping a coin once?

$$\text{\{Head, Tail\}}$$