ap lang vocab words and comma rules

comma rule #1

use commas in dialogue

e.g. “And thus, with a kiss, I die,” said Romeo.

comma rule #2

use a comma when seperating two independent clauses seperated by coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS)

e.g. The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave the park.

comma rule #3

use commas to seperate the items in a series, including before and (oxford comma)

e.g. Ellen, Christina, and Vicki sang at the party.

comma rule #4

use a comma to set off two equal adjectives in front of the same noun

e.g. The noisy, enthusiastic freshmen assembled in the auditorium.

comma rule #5

use commas to set off nonessential information

e.g. Alfie, the captain of the debate team, is present.

comma rule #6

use commas after an introductory clause/phrase or before adding information after an independent clause

e.g. Tom ran into a police officer, waiting at the corner.

Turning the corner, Tom ran into a police officer.

comma rule #7

use a comma when addressing somebody by name

e.g. “Get over here, James!”

comma rule #8

use a coomma after introductory words

e.g. “Yes, I would like to practice.”

comma rule #9

generally, places commas before which but never before that

e.g. Tomorrow is monday, which is his birthday.

I want to go to the store that has the widest selection.

alliteration

the repetition of the same starting sound in neighboring words

e.g. lazy liver you said

allusion

an indirect or brief reference to a person, place, event, work of art, or famous story

e.g. he was so strong, his friends called him Hercules

analogy

a comparison of two otherwise unlike things based on resemblance of a particular aspect

e.g. life is like a box of chocolates you never know what youre gonna gegegegege guh guh get get

anaphora

repetition of a word or words at the beginning of two or more successiv verses, clauses, or sentences

MLK Jr’s “I have a dream” speech

antimetabole

the repetition of the same words in reverse order

e.g. when the going gets tough, the tough gets going.

archaic

something very old, out-of-date, or belonging to an earlier period in history

when referring to English, it means a text that sounds very old (e.g. something Shakespearian)

asyndeton

leaves out the conjunctions between words or phrases

e.g. I came, I saw, I conquered.