BIO 210 Lab 3

The cell, microscope, the cell cycle, and cellular transport.

Define cell

Smallest living unit of the body

Define organelle

Structure inside a cell with specific function

Rough ER function

Protein synthesis

Smooth ER function

Carbohydrate and lipid synthesis

Golgi complex function

Modifies, packages, and ships proteins

Mitochondrion function

ATP production

Peroxisome function

Detox and lipid metabolism

Cytoskeleton function

Supports framework

Part of cytoskeleton: Thin fibers, help with cell movement and shape

Microfilaments

Part of cytoskeleton: Provide strength and stability

Intermediate filaments

Part of cytoskeleton: Help move organelles and chromosomes

Microtubules

Nucleus function

Contains genetic material that determines structure and function of cell

Cytoplasm function

Suspends the organelles and where many chem reactions happen

Cytosol

Fluid portion of cytoplasm

Ribosome function

Makes proteins

Lysosome function

Digest and breaks down waste

Centrioles function

Organize spindle fibers during cell division

Nuclear envelope function

Controls what enters and leaves nuclear pores

Nucleolus function

RNA synthesis

Chromatin function

Loose uncoiled DNA inside nucleus

What happens during: G1 phase

Growth

What happens during: S phase

DNA and organelle doubling

What happens during: G2

Prep for mitosis

Define mitosis

Division of the nucleus producing two diploid nuclei

What happens during: Prophase

Nuclear envelope disappears, Chromosomes condense, spindles begin to form

What happens during: Metaphase

Chromosome line up in the middle of the cell

What happens during: Anaphase

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends

What happens during: Telophase

Spindles disappear, chromosomes begin to uncoil

What happens during: Cytokinesis

Separation to form two daughter cells

The pressure needed to stop water from moving across a semipermeable membrane by osmosis

Osmotic pressure

What happens to a cell placed in a Hypotonic solution?

Water moves in, swells

What happens to a cell placed in a Hypertonic solution?

Water moves out, shrinks

What happens when you place a cell in an isotonic solution?

Stays the same size

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of more water to an area of less water.

Osmosis

The study of tissues

Histology

Four main types of tissues

Epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective

Simple squamous location

Lung and kidney glomerulus

Stratified squamous location

Skin

Simple cuboidal location

Kidney

Simple columnar location

Digestive tract

Pseudostratified columnar location

Trachea

Transitional epithelium location

Bladder

Cardiac muscle features

Striations, intercalated disc

Smooth muscle features

Non striations

Nervous tissue location

Brain and spinal cord