psych midterm

Psychology is the scientific study of _____

mental processes and behavior

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?

psychodynamic

Which of the following BEST describes the responsibility of members of the American Psychological Association to ethical issues in research?

They have developed codes of ethics for research with both human participants and animal subjects

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes OBSERVABLE responses over INNER experiences when accounting for behavior? **

Behaviorist

Which of the following is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study?

Cofounding variable

Dr. Proud is conducting a study to test a hair growth shampoo he is developing. He instructs fifty participants to use the hair growth shampoo once daily for a month and another fifty to use a regular shampoo once a day for a month. Dr. Proud measures the participants' hair length at the beginning and the end of the thirty days. Which of the following is the DEPENDENT** variable?

change in hair length

Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism student's data may not be generalizable due to: ____

sampling bias

The notion of giving participants in a study enough information about the study to enable them to choose to participate in it is known as:___

informed consent

a researcher is studying the effect of caffeinated drinks on the activity level of ten year old children. Half of the children in the study drank caffeinated soda, and half drank non caffeinated soda. Neither the research team NOR the children knew which drinks had caffeine and which drinks did not. The researchers were using:_______

a double-blind design

True or false: Nurture is more important that nature

FALSE

True or false: Perceiving order in random events is the belief that we would foresee an outcome after it happens

FALSE

True or false: the ability to repeat a study with different participants, materials, and circumstances and achieve the same results is replication

TRUE

True or false: precise and measurable statements of procedures and concepts are hypotheses

FALSE

_____ allows us to form new memories out of the experiences we have

The Hippocampus

____ Deals with our emotional response, including anger and aggression

Amygdala

____Involved with problem solving, movement, language, and memory storage

The Frontal Lobe

_______ Our vision center that allows us to make sense out of the things we see

Occipital Lobe

___ Serves as the major communication center for information in and out of the brain

The Thalamus

True or false: Our bodies operate on a 24-hour biological clock called our circadian rhythm

TRUE

True or false: The right hemishpere of the brain controls the right side of the body and the left hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body

FALSE

True or false: night terrors are remembered often while nightmares are seldom remembered

FALSE

True or false: Trauma and the types of media we consume can impact types of dreams we have

TRUE (this one he's putting on test)

True or false : Trauma and the types of media that we consume has NO impact on the types of dreams we have

FALSE (just incase this one is on it)

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

Mary Kate and Ashley are siblings that were separated shortly after birth. Even though they have had no interaction with one another over the last 30 years, they have similar health patterns, personality traits, and both have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Based on these circumstances, which type of relationship most likely * exists between Mary Kate and Ashley?

They are identical ** twins with similar genetic make-up, leading to their similarities

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as:

an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

(Picture)

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following parts of a neuron?

Axon terminals

During neural firing, which part of the neuron acts as an insulator and conductor to speed up the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon?

The myelin sheath

True or false: the process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the neuron after firing is called re uptake

TRUE

True or false: The complete set of our genetical material in our chromosomes is known as our genome

TRUE

Parallel processing refers to _____

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously

the process of converting incoming stimulus energy into a neural code that can be processed is called? _____

transduction

Jasmine goes down the shore and is walking on the boardwalk, immediatley smelling the salt water and sea smells of the ocean. After a while, she no longer detects the smell of the ocean. This can best be explained by which of the following?

Sensory adaptation

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events is known as _______

perception

Weber's Law states:

principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage, rather than a constant amount.

the intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual 50% of the time is known as the individual's _______

absolute threshold

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment is known as_____

Sensation

Each of the following phrases describes the importance of our sense of touch EXCEPT:

our sense of touch does not provide any pleasure and only allows us to explore the world around us

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the ____, because no sensory receptors exist here

blind spot

Bella is listening to the new Taylor swift album, the tortured poets department, on spotify. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through her auditory canal?

tympanic membrane

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phone and driving both require our _______

selective attention

which of the following is not considered to be one of our five basic tastes?

spicy

concepts or mental frameworks that we use to organize and interpret information inside of our head?

schemas

___________ refers to the retina containing three different color receptors, which, when stimulated in combinations, can produce the perception of any color

Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic Theory

What is the measuring unit for sound energy?

decibels

the image above illustrates the perceptual organization principle of:

figure-ground

Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of?

episodic memory

after doug witnessed two cars involved in a car accident, a police officer asked Doug how fast the cars were going when the accident happened. According to resrarch by Elizabeth Loftus, which of the following questions could the other officer ask that would make Doug most susceptible to the misinoformation effect?

how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?

to help himself remember the names of his new colleague, Hope,Tom thinks about the meaning of her name- the feeling of hopefulness. which of the following concepts best corresponds to Juan's strategy?

semantic encoding

who added the concept of working memory into the flow of memory?

Alan Baddeley

True or false:the process of altering previously stored memories before they are stored again is known as reconsolidation

TRUE

true or false: the flow of memory-sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory-is known as the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Modal Memory

TRUE

true or false: we have approximately 12 seconds to commit something from short-term memory to long-term memory before it is lost forever

TRUE

True or false: the movement of hairs in the cochlea trigger neural impulses that travel along the auditory nerve

TRUE

True or false: pain decreases our own self-awareness of the world around us

FALSE

True or false: senses only serve a purpose of pleasure in our lives

FALSE

true or false: the steps of transduction: receive the sensory energy, transform the sensory energy into neural impulses, deliver the information to the brain for processing

TRUE

true or false: our smells are connected to memories that help us to identify them and can trigger emotions associated with those memories

TRUE

true or false: understanding the context of a situation is a key aspect in our perception of that situation, including cultural differences that exist

TRUE

a teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Sophia is displaying _____

divergent thinking

a test that is labeled an aptitude test is most likely* to be given to:

predict an individual's ability to succeed in a particular job.

jack hears a report on the evening news that diets low in carbohydrates are beneficial to one's health. Considering this advice, he begins such a diet. Later he hears another report condemning low-carbohydrate diets as harmful to one's health. Based upon research on belief perseverance, how would Jack respond to this new information>

continue to believe in the beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate diets.

which of the following is the best example of fluid intelligence?

using cubes to figure out the solution to a previously unseen puzzle.

True or false: angela duckworth studies the concept of grit, which refers to our passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

TRUE

Our ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use our emotions

Emotional intelligence

Three areas of intelligence-creative, analytical, and practical.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory

We all have the capacity to be regarded as intelligent in our own way based upon 8 different areas

Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Regards as intelligence as being either general or specialized.

Spearman's Two Factor Model

Seven factors measure our intelligence-word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

Thurstone's primary Mental abilities