Pharmacology basic words

Therapeutic Equivalent

two meds contain the same active ingredients, same adme with no adverse effects

Pharmaceutical Equivalent

same active ingredients but different inactive ingredients and not interchangeable

Pharmaceutical Alternative

meds may contain same active ingredients but may vary in its salt form or other characteristics

Dosage forms

how meds are made

Solid dosage forms

tablets, capsules, lozenges, powders

Tablets

powdered small solid forms

Capsule

hardshell/gelatin made for immediate/extended release and may contain sprinkles to be put on food

Lozenges

"troches" hard sugared like candy

Powders

ground up meds that come with a scooper

Semi-solids

used topically/ ointments, creams, gels, lotions, pastes, suppositories

Ointments

small amount of water in a large oily based that is thick and used for skin protection

Creams

topical that water is based with small amount of oil and can be for vaginal/rectal use

Lotions

water based with a small amount of oil that is used to cover large surface areas

Pastes

large amount of solid with little water

Suppositories

meds are activated once inside body by vaginal,rectal, or urethral tract. used if oral method isn't suited

Liquids

quick absorption, includes solutions, suspensions, and enemas

Solutions(drug is dissolved in)

meds or solutes in a liquid base or solvent(needs to be fully dissolved)

Aromatic water

water and oil or other volatile substance

Elixir

dissolved meds in water and ethanol

extract

powder derived from animals or plants after solvent is evaporated

Tincture

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic liquid that contains plant extract

Spirit

alcoholic or hydroalcoholic liquid with volatile, aromatic ingredients

Irrigating solution

a liquid used for cleansing the body

Parenteral solution

a sterile liquid with the intention of being administerd by injection

Suspensions

liquid drug does not dissolve well in base and needs to be mixed with water or constituted.

Aqueous suspensions

need label 'shake well'

injectable suspensions

used for depot therapy(slow release) and injected into muscle or skin

Enemas

liquid meds delivered rectally to bypass GI tract

Inhalations

used to reach lungs

Aerosols(albuterol)

fine liquid or gas can used for lungs

Sprays

meds contained in a pump style dispenser that releases liquid,solid, or gas particles to treat upper respiratory

Transdermals(nicotine patch)

patch meds housed in a 'reservoir' for slow release and may irritate patients skin

Pharmacology

how drugs affect the body

Pharmacokinetics

how drugs move through the body

Pharmaceutics

how drugs are created

ADME

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion of drugs.