COMP 2 Cards Anatomy (Blood Flow and ETC)

Hesselbach’s triangle is bounded by:

rectus abdominis (medial), inferior epigastric vessels (lateral), inguinal ligament (inferior)

Gastro-omental arteries supply the

greater curvature of the stomach and the omental bursa

greater curvature of the stomach and the omental bursa are supplied by the

gastro-omental arteries

The lesser curvature of the stomach is primarily supplied by the

left gastric artery and the right gastric artery

left gastric artery and the right gastric artery supply the

Lesser curvature of the stomach

Pathway of blood for celiac trunk (origin to what it supplies)

The celiac trunk originates from the abdominal aorta —> left gastric artery —> the splenic artery —> common hepatic artery.  This network of arteries supply blood to the foregut organs

The celiac trunk supplies the

Foregut (Esophagus, Stomach, Proximal Duodenum, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Spleen)

For “Every Slutty Drunk Loves Getting Pretty SLAMMMED.”

E – Esophagus 

S – Stomach 

D – (proximal) Duodenum 

L – Liver 

G – Gallbladder 

P – Pancreas 

S – Spleen

The splenic artery supplies (organs)

oxygenated blood primarily to the spleen, pancreas, and parts of the stomach

Short gastric aa. supply blood to the

stomach's fundus and near the greater curvature.

The common hepatic artery supplies (organs)

oxygenated blood to the liver, gallbladder, the pylorus region of the stomach, the duodenum, and the pancreas

The proper hepatic artery supplies (organs)

oxygenated blood to the liver and gallbladder.

The proper hepatic artery branches off the ….. and splits into

common hepatic artery and travels through the hepatoduodenal ligament before splitting into the hepatic arteries and right gastric artery

The left hepatic artery supplies

oxygenated blood to the left lobe and quadrate lobe of liver

The right hepatic artery supplies

oxygenated blood to the right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, and the caudate lobe

The cystic artery supplies the

gallbladder, common hepatic duct, cystic duct and the proximal part of the (common) bile duct

The gastroduodenal artery supplies (organs)

blood to the pylorus, the proximal duodenum, and the head of the pancreas

The anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal (ASPD) artery is a terminal branch of the…. that supplies

branch of gastroduodenal artery. ASPD supplies blood to the head of the pancreas and the first and second parts of the duodenum

Splenic vein pathway

originates from Hilum of spleen

→ inferior mesenteric veins → joins superior mesenteric vein → forms portal vein.

“Spleen → runs behind Pancreas → meets IMV → joins SMV → Portal vein.”

Superior Mesenteric Vein pathway

The SMV begins in the right iliac fossa then heads to mesentery of small intestines. It will receive tributaries of superior mesenteric artery.

• Ileocolic vein

• Ileal & Jejunal Vein

• Right colic vein

• Middle colic vein

• Right gastro-omental vein (from stomach/greater omentum)

• As it ascends, it joins with the splenic vein

• Their union forms the portal vein, which then enters the liver at the porta hepatis.

Celiac Trunk branching pathway

→ Left gastric artery → Splenic artery → Common hepatic artery

Splenic Artery branching pathway

→ Short gastric arteries
→ Left gastro-omental artery
→ Pancreatic branches
→ Hilum of spleen

Common Hepatic Artery Branching pathway

→ Proper hepatic artery
→ Gastroduodenal artery

Gastroduodenal artery Branching Pathway

→ Right gastro-omental artery
→ Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Branching pathway

→ Head of pancreas, duodenum

Proper hepatic artery Branching Pathway

→ Right & Left hepatic artery

→ Right gastric artery (Lesser Curvature of the Stomach)

Right hepatic artery Branches to what?

→ Cystic artery (to gallbladder)

Left hepatic artery Branching Pathway

→ Left lobe of liver

The gastroduodenal artery branches into the (arteries)

right gastro-omental artery and the Anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal a

Left Gastric Artery supplies the

lesser curvature of the Stomach and the esophageal branches.

What supplies the esophageal branches?

Left gastric artery

Hepatoduodenal Ligament: 

Connects liver to the first part of the duodenum; contains portal triad:  

• Proper hepatic artery (left side, anterior)

• Common bile duct (right side, anterior)

• Portal vein (posterior, behind both artery and duct)

the Pringle maneuver is a surgical technique where the surgeon

clamps the portal triad within the hepatoduodenal ligament at the omental foramen to temporarily control bleeding from the liver.

The splenic artery travels

posterior to the stomach to supply blood to the spleen

The left gastro-omental artery is a branch off of the

splenic artery

The right gastro-omental artery is a branch off of the

gastroduodenal artery

The deep inguinal ring is formed by an

invagination of the transversalis fascia

The lateral umbilical folds are formed by the

peritoneum covering the underlying inferior epigastric arteries and veins

The medial umbilical fold is formed by the underlying

medial umbilical ligament, a remnant of the obliterated fetal umbilical artery

The median umbilical fold is formed by the

peritoneum covering the median umbilical ligament, which is the remnant of the urachus

Celiac Ganglia innervates

stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, and parts of the small and large intestines

Hepatic portal vein carries ……. to where?

oxygen-poor blood to the liver

Left portal vein supplies the left functional lobe and flows to

hepatic sinusoids —> hepatic veins —> inferior vena cava.

Right portal vein supplies the right functional lobe and then blood flows into the

SMV + Splenic v. → Hepatic Portal v. → Liver → Portal vein branches into Left portal v. and Right portal v. → Hepatic sinusoids → Central v. → Hepatic vv. → IVC → Right atrium

Hepatic veins drain

oxygen-poor, nutrient-depleted, detoxified blood from liver directly into the inferior vena cava.

Inferior vena cava receives 

hepatic veins and carries blood into the right atrium of the heart

Which nerve passes through the diaphragm’s esophageal hiatus?

vagus nerve

vagus nerve travels through what in diaphragm?

Esophageal hiatus

What passes through the diaphragm’s caval hiatus?

The inferior vena cava and parts of the right phrenic nerve

The aorta, the thoracic duct, and the azygos vein pass through the

aortic hiatus

What passes through the diaphragm’s aortic hiatus?

The aorta, the thoracic duct, and the azygos vein

lateral cutaneous nerve is a sensory nerve that supplies

the skin of the anterior and lateral (outside) thigh.

The iliohypogastric nerve supplies

sensation to the skin of the suprapubic (lower abdomen) and posterolateral gluteal regions

The obturator nerve provides 

sensation to the medial thigh and helps adduct it.

The femoral nerve controls (actionwise)

hip flexion and knee extension

The genitofemoral nerve provides sensation to the

inner thigh, lower abdomen, and the external genitalia

The marginal artery is formed by the 

anastomoses between branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA): (think colic arteries)

The superior suprarenal arteries arise from the

inferior phrenic artery

The superior suprarenal gland distribute blood to

the cortex and medulla

Caval Foramen is found at what level of vertebrae?

T8  (Think Inferior Vena cava and right phrenic nerve)

Remember I 8 10 eggs, At 12

The caval foramen is innervated by the

Phrenic Nerve (C3-5)

The esophageal foramen is formed in the

right crus of the diaphragm

The aortic hiatus attachments

median arcuate ligament, right and left crura, and T12 vertebrae

The lateral, medial arcuate ligament Attachments

Attached to TP L1, 12th rib

The lateral arcuate ligament arches over the

Quadratus Lumborum

The lateral arcuate ligament is innervated by the

phrenic nerve and intercostal nerve

The medial arcuate ligament passes over the

Psoas Major muscle

The median arcuate ligament arches over the

aorta and extends from the right crus to left crus

Subcostal Nerve innervates the

abdominal wall muscles

• External oblique

• Internal oblique

• Transversus abdominis

• Rectus abdominis

• Pyramidalis (when present)

The iliohypogastric nerve supplies the

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.

Provides Sensation to…. skin of gluteal region and skin above pubis.

The Ilioinguinal nerve innervates the 

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis and skin over the penis, scrotum, labia majora

The genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2) supplies the

motor for cremaster muscle

Sensation to anterior thigh and scrotal skin, labia majora

The Femoral Nerve innervates what muscles?

Anterior compartment of thigh specifically,

• Iliacus

• Pectineus (partial, also obturator)

• Sartorius

• Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

These muscles mainly flex hip and extend knee

The intestinal Artery does what?

Forms arterial arcades which give rise to vasa recta

Ileocolic artery is a branch to what…. that leads to

SMA that gives way to appendicular artery

Difference between Hepatic Portal System and Caval Venous System

HPS:  Formed by union of SMV and Splenic vein (some contributions from IMV)

This venous system drains blood and delivers nutrient rich, oxygen poor blood to the LIVER before returning to heart.

CVS:  Deoxygenated blood drains directly into the SVC or IVC, bypassing the Liver.  It will deliver directly to the heart.

Common iliac vein pathway of blood

Internal + External Iliac vein → Common iliac vein → Inferior vena cava → Right atrium

Right veins go

straight to inferior vena cava and then right atrium

Left veins go 

straight to left renal vein → Inferior vena cava → Right atrium