Anthropological Linguistics, Decolonization, Theatre, and Literature Exam Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering topics in Anthropological Linguistics, Decolonization, Theatre Conventions, Philippine Drama History, and Literary Terms.

Multilingual Voice

A person's way of communicating using more than one language or language variety based on the situation, audience, purpose, and relationship with others.

Standard English

A formal and widely recognized form of English used primarily in academic and professional situations to communicate formally and clearly.

Philippine English

The variety of English used by Filipinos, directly influenced by the Philippine linguistic and cultural context.

Taglish

A form of communication that actively combines Filipino and English in the same expression or conversation, commonly used in casual settings.

Formal Filipino

A formal and respectful form of Filipino used in academic, official, and other formal contexts.

Informal Filipino

A casual and conversational form of Filipino used when speaking with familiar people while remaining entirely in Filipino.

Colonialism

A system in which a powerful country controls another country or people, influencing culture, government, and values.

Precolonial Culture

The established communities, customs, belief systems, government, languages, arts, myths, epics, and songs possessed by indigenous Filipinos prior to European rule.

Colonial Mentality

A mindset or internal belief system where individuals view foreign or Western culture as superior while viewing their own Filipino or native culture as inferior.

Babaylans

Female spiritual and community leaders in precolonial Filipino culture who held high social status prior to Spanish rule.

Machismo

A conservative, male-dominated social structure introduced to the Philippines during Spanish colonial rule.

Racism

Negative stereotyping or discrimination based on race, which developed as a significant legacy of European colonialism through the portrayal of colonized peoples as primitive.

Chinua Achebe

The Nigerian author of Things Fall Apart who challenged colonial narratives by demonstrating that African societies possessed complex thoughts and rich cultures before colonization.

Things Fall Apart

A novel written by Chinua Achebe that demonstrated African societies possessed complex thoughts, rich cultures, and vibrant civilizations prior to colonization.

Frantz Fanon

A Martinican psychiatrist who analyzed the psychological impact of colonization and explained how colonized individuals were conditioned to reject native culture.

Decolonization

The process of undoing or overcoming the effects of colonization, encompassing political independence (external) and mindset/cultural transformation (internal).

External Colonization

Foreign control over land, government, laws, and the economy, involving a physical and political struggle for self-governance.

External Decolonization

The outcome when a colony gains political independence and ends foreign political control through resistance or peaceful agreements.

Internal Colonization

A psychological struggle involving the internalization of beliefs that one's native culture, language, or identity is inferior compared to imposed Western culture.

Internal Decolonization

The process where people unlearn internalized inferiority, revalue their native culture, and rebuild pride in their identity.

The Audience

The people who watch a live theatrical performance and actively contribute to its atmosphere and success through collective reactions.

Stage Actors

Performers who enact characters live in front of an audience, having only one chance per show to perform each scene correctly.

Performance Tools

The voice, facial expressions, gestures, and body movements relied upon by stage actors to convey believable emotions and stories.

Littera

The Latin word meaning 'letters,' from which the word 'literature' is derived.

Lyric Poetry

Poetry that corresponds to the basic human desire to express emotion or insight.

Narrative Poetry

Poetry that corresponds to the basic human desire to tell a story.

Dramatic Poetry

Poetry that corresponds to the basic human desire to address or engage others, portraying life and character through spoken dialogue and actions.

Prose

Writing that mimics everyday speech without following poetic rhythms or metrics.

Biography

A written account of a person's life written by another author.

Autobiography

A life account written by the subject themselves.

Diary

A daily record of personal experiences, thoughts, and observations.

Journal

A periodic publication or magazine of a serious or learned nature.

Essay

A short expository literary composition.

Novel

A long fiction narrative with a complex plot divided into chapters.

Short Story

A compact fictitious narrative limited to one unit of time, place, and action.

Poesis

The Greek word meaning 'making' or 'creating,' from which the word 'poetry' originates.

Epic

A form of narrative poetry that recounts heroics with supernatural powers (e.g., Biag ni Lam-ang).

Metrical Romance

A form of narrative poetry telling stories of knights, adventure, and love (e.g., Ibong Adarna, Florante at Laura).

Metrical Tale

A form of narrative poetry presenting clear, realistic stories of everyday feelings and life experiences.

Ballad

A short narrative poem intended to be sung (e.g., Lord Randal, Richard Cory).

Ode

A lyric poem that expresses deep praise, strong feelings, or noble thoughts.

Elegy

A lyric poem of mourning or sorrow for the deceased.

Sonnet

A 14-line poem written in iambic pentameter, popularized by Francesco Petrarch.

Simple Lyric

A direct expression of universal human emotion in poetic form (e.g., The Road Not Taken).

Drama

A narrative genre performed live, portraying characters through dialogue, conflict, stage directions, and action.

Tragedy

A dramatic genre featuring serious themes that end in loss.

Comedy

A dramatic genre featuring a lighthearted tone with a humorous resolution.

Melodrama

A dramatic genre characterized by exaggerated emotions and a clear contrast between heroes and villains.

Panunuluyan

A Spanish-influenced religious drama depicting Mary and Joseph’s search for a place to stay before Jesus' birth.

Senakulo

A Spanish-influenced religious dramatic presentation of the suffering, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Zarzuela

A Spanish dramatic form combining spoken dialogue, acting, songs, music, and dance that originated in Spain and reflected Spanish culture.

Sarsuwela

The Filipino adaptation of zarzuela that reflects Filipino culture, uses local languages, and adds local themes.

Severino Reyes

A prominent playwright who wrote the sarsuwela Walang Sugat, portraying Filipino struggles under colonial rule.

Walang Sugat

A famous sarsuwela written by Severino Reyes portraying Filipino struggles under colonial rule.

Seditious Plays

Plays during the early American colonial period believed to encourage opposition or rebellion against the American colonial government.

The Thomasites

American teachers who arrived in the Philippines in 1901 aboard the USAT Thomas to teach in the public school system.

Aside

A dramatic convention where a character speaks directly to the audience to reveal inner thoughts, unheard by other characters on stage.

The Fourth Wall

The imaginary invisible wall separating the actors on stage from the audience watching the performance.

Formalism

A literary theory that focuses strictly on internal textual elements (language, structure, imagery) while setting aside author biography and history.

Realism

A literary approach that presents believable characters, everyday experiences, and social struggles mirroring real life.