Extra General Terms for Exam 3

Capital Punishment

The death penalty

Civil Commitment

Involuntary detention of individuals who threaten themselves and others.

Example: A court orders a person with a mental illness to undergo treatment, potentially including hospitalization, against their will, if they are deemed to be a danger to themselves or others.

Genocide

An act and intent to exterminate an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.

Panama Papers

Documents disclosing the use of tax havens by wealthy individuals. For example, revealed how the wealthy, politicians, and high-profile individuals used offshore tax havens to hide assets and avoid taxes.

Victimless Crimes

Individuals voluntarily engage in a crime with no identifiable victim.

Examples: Prostitution, Gambling, Homelessness

Victorian Compromise

Acceptance during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that individuals will engage in immoral unlawful behavior in private.

Immoral behavior should be tolerated so long as the activity took place below the public radar. It is almost impossible to fully enforce such laws, so they were only punished if "open and notorious."

Civil Disobedience

The intentional violation of the law and the acceptance of punishment as a means to bring about social change.

Example: The Boston Tea Party, Mahatma Gandhi's Salt March, Rosa Park’s Refusal

FGM

Female genital mutilation.

Legal Mobilization Approach

A theoretical approach that analyzes how social movements use law to help bring about social change.

Crack Cocaine

Produced by cooking cocaine powder with baking soda and water, sold on the street, and punished more severely than powder cocaine.

Discriminatory Justice

The selective enforcement of the law against an individual based on an individual characteristic such as race, class, ethnicity, or gender.

Al Qaeda

An Islamic terrorist group responsible for the 2001 attack on the World Trade Center and Pentagon.

USA PATRIOT Act

the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, a congressional legislation intended to make it easier to investigate terrorism.

Stand Your Ground

No duty to retreat when attacked.

Sex Trafficking

The transportation of individuals for the purposes of sexual exploitation.

Brutalization Effect

Issuing the death penalty may increase homicide rates.