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Advertising
Methods used to promote and sell products.
Allied Powers
Countries that fought together in World War I, including Britain, France, and the U.S.
Americanization
The process of making / helping immigrants adopt American culture.
Amusement Park
A place with rides, games, and entertainment.
Angel Island
The main immigration processing center in California for Asian immigrants.
Annexation
Taking over land and adding it to a country.
Antitrust
Laws designed to prevent monopolies and encourage competition.
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting, often before a peace treaty is signed.
Boxer Rebellion
A Chinese uprising against foreign influence in 1900.
Central Powers
Countries that fought against the Allies in World War I, including Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Chinese Exclusion Act
A law that banned Chinese immigration to the U.S.
Conservation
The protection and preservation of natural resources.
Conspicuous Consumption
Buying expensive things to show off wealth.
Consumerism
The focus on buying and selling goods.
Cultural Heritage
Traditions, customs, and beliefs passed down through generations.
Department Store
A large store that sells many types of products.
Dollar Diplomacy
U.S. policy of using economic power to influence other countries.
Ellis Island
The main immigration processing center in New York for European immigrants.
Ethnic Neighborhood
A community where people of the same culture live together.
Frederick Law Olmsted
A landscape architect who designed Central Park in New York.
Gilded Age
A period of rapid economic growth but also social problems in the late 1800s.
Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs.
Immigrant
A person who moves to a new country to live permanently.
Infrastructure
Basic facilities like roads, bridges, and water systems.
Initiative
A process where citizens propose new laws by petition.
Jingoism
Extreme nationalism that supports aggressive foreign policy.
League of Nations
An international group formed after World War I to maintain peace.
Literacy Rate
The percentage of people who can read and write.
Mass Culture
Shared entertainment, fashion, and ideas spread through media.
Mass Transit
Public transportation systems, like buses and trains.
Middle Class
A social group between the rich and poor, often with stable jobs.
Muckraker
A journalist who exposes corruption or social problems.
Nativism
Favoring native-born citizens over immigrants.
New Nationalism
Theodore Roosevelt’s plan for strong government regulation of business.
Open Door Policy
A U.S. policy that allowed all countries to trade with China.
Panama Canal
A man-made waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Progressivism
A movement to improve society through reforms in government and business.
Propaganda
Information used to influence people's opinions or actions.
Pull Factors
Reasons people move to a new country, like jobs or freedom.
Push Factors
Reasons people leave their home country, like war or poverty.
Ragtime
A lively style of early jazz music.
Recall
A process that allows voters to remove an elected official from office.
Referendum
A public vote on a proposed law.
Reparations
Payments made by a defeated country to make up for war damages.
Rough Riders
A volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.
Rural-to-Urban Migration
The movement of people from the countryside to cities.
Selective Service Act
A law that required men to register for the military draft.
Skyscraper
A very tall building made with steel frames.
Social Darwinism
The belief that stronger people or nations will naturally dominate weaker ones.
Sphere of Influence
An area where a foreign country controls trade and economy.
Suburbs
Residential areas located outside of big cities.
Suffrage
The right to vote.
Temperance
A movement to reduce or ban alcohol consumption.
Tenements
Overcrowded and poorly built apartment buildings in cities.
Total War
A war that affects all parts of society, including civilians and the economy.
Trench Warfare
A type of fighting in World War I where soldiers lived and fought in deep ditches.
Urban Planning
The design and organization of cities and towns.
Vaudeville
A type of variety show with comedy, music, and acts.
Yellow Journalism
Sensationalized or exaggerated news to attract readers.
Zoning Laws
Rules that control how land and buildings can be used in cities.
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