Dental Embryology, histology, and anatomy Chapter 8

4 types of Tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Regeneration time of Oral Mucosa

14 days

Regeneration time of Epithelium that covers the skin

27 days

What do white Blood cells do?

cause an inflammatory response

what do platelets do?

platelets clot the blood

what do red blood cells do?

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to the brain

Epithelium tissue can be classified into what categories

Simple, Stratified, and pseudostratified

what are flattened platelike epithelial cells called?

Squames

how many layers does stratified epithelium consist of?

2 or more

how many layers does simple epithelium consist of?

1 layer

pseudostratified means what?

only one layer but looks like more

pseudostratified is only what type of epithelium

columnar

cuboidal means

cube shaped

columnar means

looks like columns

squamous means

flattened or platelike

what are the properties of epithelial tissue?

protection, absorption, secretion, sensory, and othee specialized functions

what does keratinized mean?

creates the color of our epidermis skin

where is the epidermis located

the most superficial layer of the skin

where is the basement membrane located?

between any form of epithelium and connective tissue always

Blood is what kind of tissue?

fluid connective tissue

What is adipose tissue?

fatty tissue

reticular lamina makes up what?

blood vessels and organs

cartilage has no what?

blood or nerve supply

what do chondroblasts do?

produce cartilage

what is the most rigid connective tissue?

Bone

What covers bones?

periosteum

the most common cell in all types of connective tissue

fibroblast

what do fibroblasts do?

synthesize certain types of protein fibers needed to sustain the connective tissue

what is periosteum?

double-layered, dense connective tissue sheath whose outer layer contains blood vessels and nerves

lamellae means

sheets or layers of bone

what is ossification?

the development of bone

what is an osteoid?

Bone matrix that eventually goes through mineralization

osteoblasts are

cuboidal cells that arise from fibroblasts and mineralize osteoids to form bone.

what do osteoblasts form?

bone from the mineralization of osteoid cells

at the external surface of compact bone that allows remodeling of bone and repair of injured bone

osteoblasts

fully mineralized bone

osteocytes

the cell that causes resorption of bone is the

osteoclast

what is the osteoclast

large multinucleated cell located on the surface of secondary bone

the first bone to be produced by ossification is

primary bone

temporary tissue replaced by the more mature

secondary bone

formation of osteoid between two dense connective tissue sheets eventually replaces the outer connective tissue

Intramembranous Ossification

the formation of the osteoid within a hyaline cartilage model that becomes mineralized and dies

Endochondral Ossification

bone starts as

primary bone

primary bone turns into

secondary bone

what are the 5 types white blood cells?

polymorphonuclear leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinaphil, and basophil

the first cells to appear at an injury site

polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)

the most common WBC in the blood

PMN

the 2nd most common WBC

lymphocyte

3 functional types of lymphocytes

B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell

B Cells mature in

bone marrow and the gut tissue

T cells mature in the

thymus

NK cells mature in

bone marrow

Natural Killer (NK) cells are involved in

virually-infected cells and tumor cells

b cells produce

plasma cells

mature plasma cells produce

immunoglobulin

have a longer life span than PMN but there are fewer of them

macrophages

primary function is the phagocytosis of immune complexes

Eosinophil

increased during hypersensitivity and parasitic diseases

Eosinophil

involved in the hypersensitivity response but is less than 1% of WBC

basophil

Most muscles are derived from

somites

3 types of muscle tissue

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

the involuntary muscles

smooth and cardiac muscle

the voluntary muscles

skeletal muscles

what are nerve functions?

carry messages or impulses based on electrical potentials

function is to carry messages abd contract muscles:

nerve tissue

help eat up dead cells

monocytes

striated means

striped

myo means

Muscle

send messages away from the cell to the brain

axon

receive impulses from the brain

dendrites

an immunogen is also considered a (an)

antigen

what is considered the connective tissue proper of the skin?

dermis

contains granules of histamine during hypersensitivity reaction

basophil

immature connective tissue formed during initial repair of the skin or oral mucosa

granulation tissue

the functional cellular component of the nervous system

neuron

the two main divisions of the nervous system

Central Nervous system and Peripheral Nervous System

The CNS consists of

the brain and spinal cord

PNS consists of

spinal and cranial nerves

PNS includes the

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

involved in fight or flight responses

somatic nervous system

involved in rest and digest responses

autonomic nervous system

the aggregation of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

ganglion

two functional types of nerves

affervent and effervent

an affervent nerve is a

sensory nerve

an effervent nerve is a

motor nerve

carries info away from the brain to the periphery of the body

effervent nerve

relays impulses from the periphery body to the brain

affervent