pulse factors and nursing care

Effect of exercise on pulse

Usually increases pulse.

Effect of stress on pulse

Increases pulse through the sympathetic fight-or-flight response.

Effect of fever on pulse

Pulse tends to increase.

Effect of food on pulse

A meal can cause a slight increase for several hours.

Effect of blood loss on pulse

Pulse may increase as the body tries to compensate for decreased blood volume.

Effect of standing or sitting on pulse

Can temporarily increase pulse because of blood pooling in the legs.

Stimulant medications

Can increase pulse rate.

Digitalis, opioids, and sedatives

Can decrease pulse rate.

Well-conditioned athlete

May normally have a lower resting heart rate.

Fluid volume deficient

May cause a weak, thready pulse.

Fluid volume excess

May cause a bounding, full pulse.

Decreased cardiac output

May cause tachycardia, bradycardia, or changes in pulse volume.

Important electrolytes for cardiac function

Potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

Dysrhythmia nursing care

Monitor vital signs, activity tolerance, laboratory values, possible causes, and administer prescribed medications.

Emotional support for dysrhythmia

Explain procedures, stay calm, and provide support because the patient and family may be frightened.

Why pulse changes matter

Pulse changes can indicate problems with circulation, cardiac function, fluid balance, or other conditions.

Key NCLEX idea

Do not look at the vital-sign number alone; consider the patient's condition, symptoms, and situation.