GEPH PRELIM

Historia

The word "history" comes from the Greek word "_______," which means "inquiry" or "knowledge obtained by investigation"

Inquiry, Knowledge obtained by investigation

• The word "history" comes from the Greek word "historia," which means "___________" or "________________________________"

History

the word "__________" was borrowed into various European languages, including Old French and eventually Middle English.

History

reflects the idea of investigating and inquiring into the past to gain knowledge

Kasaysayan

For the Filipino translation, history is translated into ____________.

Zeus Salazar

According to _____________, the word kasaysayan is rooted in the word "saysay", which has two meanings.

Saysay

According to Zeus Salazar, the word kasaysayan is rooted in the word "_________", which has two meanings.

Story, Salaysay

Firstly, "saysay" can mean "________" or "___________". This refers to the narrative about the past events.

Saysay

And "__________" can also be defined as the wisdom and lessons that we can extract from historical facts and details about our history.

Barangays

During the pre-Spanish colonial period, Filipinos lived in small, independent villages called ____________,

1521

Even before Magellan and his crew arrived in __________, the archipelago was already inhabited by human settlements.

Barangay

The archipelago was composed of several communities called _____________.

Balangay

The word barangay came from the Malay word ___________, which refers to the boat that transported them to their settlements.

Balangay

refers to the boat that transported them to their settlements.

Datu

A _________ had executive, legislative, and judicial powers.

Datu

• His powers were checked by the customs and laws of the barangay.

• He can also be replaced by a better and stronger datu who can protect better the barangay.

• Nobles

• Freemen

• Dependents

Barangays were composed of three groups of people:

Nobles

The __________ consisted of the datu and their families. They wielded influence in the barangay.

Freemen

The _________ were composed of free people and dependents who earned their freedom.

Freemen

Their role was to help the datu in activities that involve the welfare of the barangay.

• Timawa

• Maharlika

Two types of Freemen:

Timawa

is made up of the commoners of a community.

Timawa

They are given the privilege to acquire property, have any job, pick their own wives, and also have a slave. In return, they were expected to pay taxes and the only class obligated to do so.

Dependents

The ____________ were composed of people who were not able to pay their debts, cannot pay their legal fines, captured in battle, or by being born to dependent parents.

Dependents

They served the members of the barangay as a sort of payment for their freedom.

Dependents

It is a misconception to equate the _____________ as slaves since their position in society was not permanent.

• Aliping Namamahay

• Aliping Sagigilid

2 Types of Dependents:

Aliping Namamahay

These dependents lived in their own houses and served their masters during specific times or for specific tasks.

Aliping Namamahay

They had more freedom and autonomy compared to the other type of dependent.

Aliping Sagigilid

These dependents lived in the house of their master and were required to perform domestic duties.

Aliping Sagigilid

They had less freedom and autonomy

Social Classes

are sets of social hierarchy based on resources, power, and authority. This forms inequality to the status of the people.

• Maginoo (Noble Class)

• Timawa (freeman or commoner)

• Maharlika (warrior)

• Alipin (servant)

The social classes were divided into four:

Maginoo

The _________ are the royal blooded such as the Datu, which is the leader of the barangay consisting of 100-500 persons.

100-500 persons

The Maginoo are the royal blooded such as the Datu, which is the leader of the barangay consisting of __________________.

Eldest Son or Relative

The nobility of the Datu will be passed down to the __________________ if he has none.

Ginoo, Dayang

The nobility of the Datu will be passed down to the eldest son or a relative if he has none. They are addressed as _________ while _________ for the women of equivalent.

Panginoon

___________ was reserved for the most powerful who owns many slaves and owned extensive properties.

Timawa

are the illegitimate children of a Datu to another commoner or slave.

Alipin

They serve anyone who is above their class.

Alipin

They do the work inside a home such as cooking, cleaning, and aiding their masters with their duties.

Aliping Namamahay

have their own quarters inside the property of their master, has the right to choose their husband or wife, can own property, and being paid for their service.

Aliping Sagigilid

on the other hand, have no home thus lives with their master, can be sold by their masters, serves without getting paid, and cannot marry without the permission of their master.

Class Struggle

happens when there is a tension in the society because of different groups of class.

Maginoo

have the power among the classes and can only passed down to their family and blood, which leaves no chance for other class to rule.

Alipin

The ____________ are the lowest of all and the ones who receive most unjust treatment.

Laws

• were either customary or written.

Customary Laws

composed the majority of laws in a barangay.

Customary Laws

These laws were passed down orally from generation to generation.

Written Laws

were those written by the datu and his advisers when there was a necessity for it.

Upper Lower

For males, the attire was composed of _________ and _________ parts.

Kanggan

The upper part is called _____________, which was a collarless jacket with short sleeves.

Bahag

The lower part is called _____________, a strip of cloth wrapped in the waist, passing down between thighs.

Red Kanggan

The color of the attire had meaning. The datu wore __________________, while those below him wore blue or black.

Blue or black

The color of the attire had meaning. The datu wore red kanggan, while those below him wore ___________.

Putong

Men also wore headgears called ___________, which was a cloth wrapped around the head.

Manliness, Bravery

A red putong entailed "________________" or ____________.

Baro, Camisa

For women, the upper part is called _________ or _________. It was a jacket with sleeves.

Saya

The lower part was called _________, which was a loose skirt.

Tapis

A ________, a long cloth, was usually wrapped around the waist.

Slippers, Shoes

There were no __________ or __________ during the pre-colonial period. They all walked barefoot.

Golden Ornaments, Jewelries

Since gold was abundant before, both men and women filled their bodies with _____________________ and ____________.

Tattoing

___________ was a common practice. For both men and women, it was a symbol of beauty.

Bravery, Skill

For men, it served as a proof of _________ and ________ in battle. The more tattoos a man had, the more men he killed in battle.

Polytheism

They believed in _____________, which means that they had more than one god to worship to.

Babaylans

were considered as religious/spiritual leaders.

Bathala

They considered ___________ as the creator of the Earth and all living beings.

Bathala

He was the superior deity compared to other gods.

Bathala

They adored animals, plants, and all objects of nature as something to be respected.

Fifteenth, Seventh

The period from ____________ through the early ______________ century was characterized by growing European exploration of the world.

Trading routes, Territories, Wealth

This was a period in human history when Europeans began exploring in search for new _______________, ______________, and _______________.

Age of Discovery, Age of Exploration

This period is commonly known as the _______________ or the ________________.

Maritime Travel Technology

During this period, there was an increasing sophistication of _________________________.

Ships, Maps, Navigational Instruments, Weapons

New kinds of ________, ________, ___________________, and _________ were developed.

Geography, Sailing

Knowledge of _____________ and ___________ was rapidly being enhanced.

America, Africa, Far East

These developments assisted European countries to travel to places such as the _____________, ______________, and the ______________, which were previously untouched by European feet.

Spain, Portugal

__________ and ___________ were leading countries in these explorations though other countries, particularly England and the Netherland were explores too.

England, Netherland

Spain and Portugal were leading countries in these explorations though other countries, particularly ____________ and the ______________ were explores too.

• Profit

• Power

• Religion

• Spices

Objectives of Explorations:

Christianity

In order to justify the need to explore, European states used ______________ as a reason to invade other territories. Rather than saying that they want to economically enrich their kingdoms, they said that they are invading other territories in order to spread ________________.

Spain, Portugal

Both ____________ and _____________ were champions of the Catholic Church in spreading Christianity. Both countries spent resources to ensure that conquered territories were converted to their religion.

• Christopher Columbus

• Pedro Alvares

• Herman Cortes

• Francisco Pizzaro

• John Cabot

Individuals were explorers commissioned by European states and Kingdom to explore the unknown territories:

Ferdinand Magellan

One of the most significant personality in this era of exploration was the Portuguese Explorer __________________.

Spice Island

Maluku Island or Moluccas located in Indonesia

• Trinidad

• Victoria

• San Antonio

• Conception

• Santiago

Five Old Ships with 235 Men:

Trinidad

Flagship of Magellan's fleet

Victoria

This ship was commanded by Luis de Mendoza, and later by Juan Sebastian Elcano, who completed the first circumnavigation of the globe.

Luis de Mendoza

This ship was commanded by ______________, and later by Juan Sebastian Elcano, who completed the first circumnavigation of the globe.

Juan Sebastian Elcano

This ship was commanded by Luis de Mendoza, and later by _________________________, who completed the first circumnavigation of the globe.

San Antonio

This ship was commanded by Juan de Cartagena

Juan de Cartegana

San Antionio ship was commanded by _____________________

Conception

This ship was commanded by Gaspar de Quesada.

Gaspar de Quesada

Conception ship was commanded by ________________.

Santiago

This ship was the smallest of the fleet and was commanded by Joao Serrao

Joao Serrao

Santiago - This ship was the smallest of the fleet and was commanded by _______________

Age of Exploration

The fifteenth and sixteenth century of world history is considered as the "___________________."

Philippines

Magellan and his crew reached in 1521 an archipelago in the western part of the Pacific Ocean rich in natural resources. This archipelago was later named as the ________________.

1565

was only in ______________ during the Legazpi expedition that the Spaniards successfully occupied the archipelago.

Legazpi Expedition

was only in 1565 during the _______________ that theSpaniards successfully occupied the archipelago

Reduccion

forced the people who were living in the barangays to transfer in a designated area