Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Flashcards covering basic chemistry concepts including matter, atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, atomic structure, and chemical bonding types (covalent, ionic, hydrogen).

Anything having mass and occupying space is called __.

Matter

The basic structure and building blocks of all matter are __.

Atoms

A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by ordinary chemical means and is made up of only one type of atom is called an __.

Element

Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) make up __ of living matter.

96%

Elements required by an organism in minute quantities for proper biological functioning are known as __.

Trace elements

A lack of __ in the diet can cause goiter.

iodine

Two or more atoms chemically combined form a __.

Molecule

A molecule containing two or more DIFFERENT elements chemically combined is called a __.

Compound

Atoms are composed of subatomic particles which include neutrons, protons, and __.

electrons

Neutrons have __ electrical charge.

no

Protons have a __ charge.

positive

Electrons have a __ charge.

negative

An element’s __ is the number of protons in its nucleus.

atomic number

The sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is an element's __.

mass number

Atoms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons are called __.

Isotopes

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the distribution of electrons in __.

electron shells

Electrons in the outermost shell, or valence shell, are called __.

valence electrons

Elements with a full valence shell are chemically __.

inert

The force holding atoms together is called a __.

Chemical Bond

The type of bonding where atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons is known as __.

Covalent Bonding

The type of bonding where atoms are attracted to one another by opposite electrical charges, formed by gaining or losing electrons, is called __.

Ionic Bonding

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond is called __.

electronegativity

In a __ covalent bond, atoms share electrons equally.

nonpolar

In a __ covalent bond, one atom is more electronegative, leading to unequal sharing of electrons.

polar

A __ bond forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom.

hydrogen

Water is a __ molecule because the electronegativity of oxygen creates regions of partial charge.

polar

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from a gain or loss of one or more electrons is called an __.

Ion