Central Dogma and Cell Division Concepts

These flashcards cover the key concepts of DNA transcription, RNA translation, mitosis, meiosis, and the structure of chromosomes.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

DNA -> RNA -> Protein.

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

What initiates the transcription process?

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA.

What occurs during mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical diploid daughter cells.

Define homologous chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes but may have different alleles.

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

Crossing over allows for genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes.

What is a haploid cell?

A haploid cell is a cell containing one complete set of chromosomes (n=23 in humans).

What does CDK stand for and its role in the cell cycle?

CDK stands for cyclin-dependent kinase, which regulates the cell cycle progression.

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes.

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide, including interphase and the mitotic phase.

What are somatic cells?

Somatic cells are any cells in the body that are not gametes, meaning they are not involved in reproduction. They make up most of the body's tissues and organs.