sociology 220 supplied flash cards

genealogy

the study of ancestry and family history

families

groups of related people, bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional

personal family

the people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well

legal family

a group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption

institutional arena

a social space in which relations between people in common positions are governed by accepted rules of interaction

family arena

the institutional arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing and socialization, and caring work

census

a periodic count of people in a population and their characteristics, usually performed as an official government function

household

a group of people that lives and eats separately from other groups

state

the institutional arena where, through political means, behavior is legally regulated, violence is controlled, and resources are redistributed

market

the institutional arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place

consensus perspective

a perspective that projects an image of society as the collective expression of shared norms and values

breadwinner-homemaker family

an employed father, a nonemployed mother, and their children

conflict perspective

the view that opposition and conflict define a given society and are necessary for social evolution

feminist theory

a theory that seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women

socialization

the process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure, making those elements part of their own personality

exchange theory

the theory that individuals or groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains

symbolic interactionism

a theory concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based on others' expectations

modernity theory

a theory of the historical emergence of the individual as an actor in society and how individuality changed personal and institutional relations

family wage

the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without their having to work for pay

demographic perspective

the study of how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes

life course perspective

the study of the family trajectories of individuals and groups as they progress through their lives, in social and historical context

cohort

a group of people who experience an event together at the same point in time

bias

the tendency to impose previously held views on the collection and interpretation of facts

sample survey

a research method in which identical questions are asked of many different people and their answers gathered into one large data file

longitudinal surveys

a research method in which the same people are interviewed repeatedly over a period of time

time use studies

surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week

social genomics

he study of genetic contributions to social behavior

nuclear family

A monogamous couple living with their own biological children and no extended family members

monogamy

A family system in which each person has only one spouse.

polygamy

A family system in which one person has several spouses.

patriarchy

The system of men's control over property and fathers' authority over all family members. Matriarchy (rule by women) is the opposite.

matrilineal descent

A family system in which family lineage (including the family name) is transmitted from mothers to their children. The opposite is patrilineal descent (from fathers).

coverture

A legal doctrine that lasted until the late nineteenth century, under which wives were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship.

patrilineal descent

A family system in which family lineage (including the family name) is transmitted from fathers to their children.

extended families

Family households in which relatives beyond parents and their children live together

stem family

The household formed by one grown child remaining in the family home with their parents.

separate spheres

The cultural doctrine under which women were to work at home, to make it a sanctuary from the industrial world in which their husbands worked for pay

courtship

The mate selection process in which couples begin a relationship with supervised contact in public, then proceed to additional dates in the woman's home and then to marriage if the parents approve

companionship family

An ideal type of family characterized by the mutual affection, equality, and comradeship of its members

companionate marriage

A view of marriage as a companionship, a friendship, and a romance, rather than as a practical platform for cooperation and survival

dating

The mate selection process in which young adults spend time with a variety of partners before making a long-term commitment

family wage

The amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without their having to work for pay.

baby boom

the period of high birth rates in the United States between 1946 and 1964

race

A group of people believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities

ethnicity

A group of people with a common cultural identification, based on a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, or traditional practices

racial ethnicity

An ethnic group perceived to share physical characteristics.

endogamy

Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group

exogamy

Marriage and reproduction outside one's distinct group

minority group

A racial or ethnic group that occupies a subordinate status in society.

familism

A personal outlook that puts family obligations first, before individual well-being

health disparities

Preventable differences in health experienced by socially unequal groups

acculturation

The acquisition of a new culture and language

assimilation

The gradual reduction of ethnic distinction between immigrants and the mainstream society.

intermarriage

Marriage between members of different racial or ethnic groups

social distance

The level of acceptance that members of one group have toward members of another