HIPAA/ ABRET Code of Ethics/ Safety

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

HIPAA

enacted to protect the security and confidentiality of individual's health information and to improve the efficiency in healthcare delivery by standardizing electronic data interchange

How many hours do the state law require patient data to be backed up?

every 24 hours

The American Board of Registration of Electrocochleographic and Evoked Potential Technologists

is a nonprofit credentialing board of electroencephalographic technologists, and neurophysiologic intra-operative monitoring technicians that seeks to encourage, establish and maintain the highest standards and principles of these technologies

For transmission of an infection there must be a

source of infection, a susceptible host, a transmission pathway

What are the five routes of transmission of infection?

contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, and vectorborne

contact

route of infection transmission that is body surface to body surface. Or body surface to intermediate object

droplet

route of infection transmission by coughing, sneezing, talking, suctioning, or bronchoscopy procedure

airborne

route of infection transmission by particle in the air or dust

common vehicle

route of infection transmission by items such as food, water, meds, and equipment

vectorborne

route of infection transmission through animals and insects

direct contact transmission

microorganisms are transferred from one person to another person

indirect contact transmission

the infecting agent is transferred through a contaminated environmental item or person

standard precaution

primary infection control practice that is used for all patients and apply to blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), non intact skin and mucous membranes

transmission based precautions

used in conjunction with standard precautions providing additional practices for airborne, droplet contact infections and conditions that are highly transmissible

examples of PPE

mask, gown, gloves, face shields, and eye protection

What is the most common source of airborne bacteria

skin cells

airborne precautions

used in addition to standard precautions for patients with known or suspected infection that can be transmitted through airborne droplet or evaporated droplets that stay suspended in the air

What type of respirator does OSHA recommend when treating patients with TB?

N95 Respirator

droplet precautions

used in addition to standard precaution when a patient is known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by large droplets by coughing, sneezing, talking or by procedure

contact precautions (ppe)

used in addition to standard precaution when a patient is known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by direct contact

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

is a bacteria that has acquired genes encoding antibiotic resistance to all penicillin. typically transmitted through contact, however can be spread airborne if the patient is coughing

___ is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection and avoiding contamination

hand washing

bloodborne pathogens

means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause diseases in humans

____% of healthcare workers become infected with viruses during routine patient care

20-60%

nosocomial infection

is defined as infection originating within the hospital or patient care environment (health-care associated infections)

what are the most common bloodborne pathogens?

hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV

Creudztfeldt Jakob Disease

rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is neither bacterial or viral. It is passed by contact with tissue from certain organs or CSF and not through contact with blood, usually resistant to sterilization.

low-levelItems like blood pressure cuffs or pulse oximeters are non-critical items ad require ___ disinfections

low-level

high-levelItems like EEG disk electrodes are considered semi-critical items as they come in contact with non-intact skin (due to skin abrasion) and therefore require _ disinfection

high-level

cleaning

removal of debris

disinfection

the process of cleaning something, especially with a chemical to destroy bacteria

sterilization

a process that destroys all microorganisms including bacterial spores

intact skin is in what sterilization and disinfection categories?

non-critical items; low level of disinfection

mucous membranes is in what sterilization and disinfection categories?

semi-critical items; high level disinfection

blood and vascular spaces are in what sterilization and disinfection categories?

critical items; sterilization

bleach has a minute immersion minimum

20

What is the ratio for bleach to water?

1:10

material safety data sheets (MSDS)

a form containing the properties of a particulaHIPAA

HIPAA

enacted to protect the security and confidentiality of individual's health information and to improve the efficiency in healthcare delivery by standardizing electronic data interchange

How many hours do the state law require patient data to be backed up?

every 24 hours

The American Board of Registration of Electrocochleographic and Evoked Potential Technologists

is a nonprofit credentialing board of electroencephalographic technologists, and neurophysiologic intra-operative monitoring technicians that seeks to encourage, establish and maintain the highest standards and principles of these technologies

For transmission of an infection there must be a

source of infection, a susceptible host, a transmission pathway

What are the five routes of transmission of infection?

contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, and vectorborne

contact

route of infection transmission that is body surface to body surface. Or body surface to intermediate object

droplet

route of infection transmission by coughing, sneezing, talking, suctioning, or bronchoscopy procedure

airborne

route of infection transmission by particle in the air or dust

common vehicle

route of infection transmission by items such as food, water, meds, and equipment

vectorborne

route of infection transmission through animals and insects

direct contact transmission

microorganisms are transferred from one person to another person

indirect contact transmission

the infecting agent is transferred through a contaminated environmental item or person

standard precaution

primary infection control practice that is used for all patients and apply to blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions (except sweat), non intact skin and mucous membranes

transmission based precautions

used in conjunction with standard precautions providing additional practices for airborne, droplet contact infections and conditions that are highly transmissible

examples of PPE

mask, gown, gloves, face shields, and eye protection

What is the most common source of airborne bacteria

skin cells

airborne precautions

used in addition to standard precautions for patients with known or suspected infection that can be transmitted through airborne droplet or evaporated droplets that stay suspended in the air

What type of respirator does OSHA recommend when treating patients with TB?

N95 Respirator

droplet precautions

used in addition to standard precaution when a patient is known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by large droplets by coughing, sneezing, talking or by procedure

contact precautions (ppe)

used in addition to standard precaution when a patient is known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by direct contact

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

is a bacteria that has acquired genes encoding antibiotic resistance to all penicillin. typically transmitted through contact, however can be spread airborne if the patient is coughing

___ is the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection and avoiding contamination

hand washing

bloodborne pathogens

means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause diseases in humans

____% of healthcare workers become infected with viruses during routine patient care

20-60%

nosocomial infection

is defined as infection originating within the hospital or patient care environment (health-care associated infections)

what are the most common bloodborne pathogens?

hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV

Creudztfeldt Jakob Disease

rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is neither bacterial or viral. It is passed by contact with tissue from certain organs or CSF and not through contact with blood, usually resistant to sterilization.

low-levelItems like blood pressure cuffs or pulse oximeters are non-critical items ad require ___ disinfections

low-level

high-levelItems like EEG disk electrodes are considered semi-critical items as they come in contact with non-intact skin (due to skin abrasion) and therefore require _ disinfection

high-level

cleaning

removal of debris

disinfection

the process of cleaning something, especially with a chemical to destroy bacteria

sterilization

a process that destroys all microorganisms including bacterial spores

intact skin is in what sterilization and disinfection categories?

non-critical items; low level of disinfection

mucous membranes is in what sterilization and disinfection categories?

semi-critical items; high level disinfection

blood and vascular spaces are in what sterilization and disinfection categories?

critical items; sterilization

bleach has a minute immersion minimum

20

What is the ratio for bleach to water?

1:10

material safety data sheets (MSDS)

a form containing the properties of a particular substance, provides procedure for handling a substance in a safe manner

to move around the sterile field without contaminating it, non-sterile personnel should maintain a distance of at least _ from the sterile field

18 inches

sterile personnel gowns are sterile in front from chest level of the sterile field and _ above the elbows to the hands

2 inches

CPR technique ratio should be

30:2 or 15:1

If there is no barrier device when administering CPR, should respirations be given?

no respirations should be given with no barriers

What is the ratio for child/infant CPR with no rescuers on the scene?

30:2

What is the ratio for child/infant CPR with multiple rescuers on the scene?

15:2

If an infant is choking what is the ratio of backslaps to chest compressions?

5 back slaps, and 5 chest compressions

The most frequent source of infection in the operating room derives from what?

The patient's own endogenous florar substance, provides procedure for handling a substance in a safe manner

to move around the sterile field without contaminating it, non-sterile personnel should maintain a distance of at least _ from the sterile field

18 inches

sterile personnel gowns are sterile in front from chest level of the sterile field and _ above the elbows to the hands

2 inches

CPR technique ratio should be

30:2 or 15:1

If there is no barrier device when administering CPR, should respirations be given?

no respirations should be given with no barriers

What is the ratio for child/infant CPR with no rescuers on the scene?

30:2

What is the ratio for child/infant CPR with multiple rescuers on the scene?

15:2

If an infant is choking what is the ratio of backslaps to chest compressions?

5 back slaps, and 5 chest compressions

The most frequent source of infection in the operating room derives from what?

The patient's own endogenous flora