chem test Solids

it is a chem test on solids gas and liquids

Thermal energy

The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object.

Kinetic energy (KE)

Energy of motion.

Potential energy (PE)

Stored energy.

Kinetic-molecular theory

A theory that helps understand states of matter and their properties.

Elastic collision

A collision where no kinetic energy is lost overall.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object.

Ideal Gas

A hypothetical gas that perfectly follows the kinetic-molecular theory.

Real Gas

A gas that exhibits attractive forces and does not behave entirely according to the kinetic-molecular theory.

Diffusion

The spontaneous mixing of particles caused by random motion.

Effusion

The process where gas particles pass through tiny openings.

Surface tension

The force that pulls adjacent parts of a liquid’s surface together, minimizing surface area.

Capillary action

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid, against the pull of gravity.

Crystalline solid

A solid made of crystals; particles arranged in an orderly geometric pattern.

Amorphous solid

A solid where particles are arranged randomly; sometimes classified as 'supercooled liquids'.

Melting point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid due to the kinetic energy of particles overcoming intermolecular forces.

Boiling point

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure.

Vapor pressure

The point where the pressure of a gas and a liquid are in equilibrium.

Boyle's Law

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure with a constant temperature.

Charles's Law

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature with a constant pressure.

Gay-Lussac’s Law

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature with a constant volume.

Combined Gas Law

Relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas when the amount of gas is constant.

Molar volume

The volume that 1 mole of a gas occupies at STP, which is 22.4 L.

Ideal Gas Law

The mathematical relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas (PV=nRT).