BIOL2200: Lab Final Exam - Week 13 ALL Lab Slides

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What is the purpose of measuring the zone of inhibition?

To assess how effective an antimicrobial agent is by measuring the diameter of the area where bacterial growth is inhibited

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How do you measure the zone of inhibition?

Measure across the center of the clear zone edge to edge, including the disk. If irregular, measure several axes and average

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What zone size indicates resistance vs. susceptibility in antiseptic/disinfectant testing?

<10 mm = Resistant (R)
>10 mm = Susceptible (S)

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What is a mold?

A multicellular fungus made of hyphae → mycelium

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How do molds reproduce asexually?

By producing asexual spores via mitosis; spores are genetically identical and germinate into new colonies.

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What are the names of the 3 FUNGI? 

Aspergillus (mold)

Penicillium (mold)

Rhizopus (black bread mold)

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<p>What is the <strong>genus name</strong> of this organism + and its <strong>asexual spore</strong> structure?</p>

What is the genus name of this organism + and its asexual spore structure?

Aspergillus (mold)

Spore structure: Conidiospores (conidia) — not enclosed in a sac.

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<p>What is the <strong>genus name</strong> of this organism + and its <strong>asexual spore</strong> structure?</p>

What is the genus name of this organism + and its asexual spore structure?

Penicillium (mold)
Spore structure: Conidiospores (conidia) — spores produced at tips/sides of hyphae, not enclosed in a sac.

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<p>What is the <strong>genus name</strong> of this organism + its <strong>asexual spore</strong> structure?<br></p>

What is the genus name of this organism + its asexual spore structure?

Rhizopus (black bread mold)
Spore structure: Sporangiospores — spores enclosed inside a sporangium (sac).

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What is the names of the 9 Protozoa Organisms?

  • Balantidium coli

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<p>What is the name of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Balantidium coli

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<p><strong><em>Balantidium coli —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p>What phylum does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s method of motility?</p></li><li><p>What disease does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Balantidium coli —

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Phylum: Ciliata

  • Method of Motility: Cilia

  • Cysts ingested from contaminated food/water → DIARRHEA

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<p>What is the name of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Euglena

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<p><strong><em>Euglena —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Euglena —

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Phylum: Euglenozoa

  • Method of Motility: Flagella (not visible)

  • Disease: None (non-pathogenic; free-living)

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<p><span><span>What is the name of this organism?</span></span></p>

What is the name of this organism?

Giardia lamblia

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<p><strong><em>Giardia lamblia—</em></strong></p><ul><li><p><span><span>Describe the shape of&nbsp;</span></span><em>Giardia lamblia</em></p></li><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Giardia lamblia—

  • Describe the shape of Giardia lamblia

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Tear drop shape, two nuclei, multiple flagella hanging off

  • Phylum: Archaezoa

  • Method of Motility: Flagella (not visible)

  • Disease: Severe Diarrhea

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<p>What is the name of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Trichomonas vaginalis

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<p><strong><em>Trichomonas vaginalis —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>Describe the shape of&nbsp;</span><strong><em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em></strong></p></li><li><p>How is it sexually transmitted?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p><p></p>

Trichomonas vaginalis —

  • Describe the shape of Trichomonas vaginalis

  • How is it sexually transmitted?

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Big round organism w/ dense nucleus + flagella hanging off

  • Caused by Protozoan

  • Phylum: Archaezoa

  • Method of Motility: Flagella (visible)

  • Disease: Trichomoniasis/vaginitis

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<p>What is the <strong>name </strong>of this organism?</p><p><br></p>

What is the name of this organism?


Paramecium spp.

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<p><strong><em>Paramecium spp. — </em></strong></p><p>Identify the type of reproduction.</p>

Paramecium spp. —

Identify the type of reproduction.

Binary fission - asexual reproduction

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<p><strong><em>Paramecium spp. — </em></strong></p><p>Identify the type of reproduction.</p>

Paramecium spp. —

Identify the type of reproduction.

Conjugation - sexual reproduction

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<p><strong><em>Paramecium —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p>Describe the<strong> type of living</strong> + <strong>diseases </strong>they cause</p></li><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li></ul><p></p>

Paramecium —

  • Describe the type of living + diseases they cause

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • Free-living, no disease cause effect in humans

  • Phylum: Ciliata

  • Method of Motility: Cilia

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<p>What is the <strong>name </strong>of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Trypanosoma brucei

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<p><strong><em>Trypanosoma brucei —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>Describe the shape of&nbsp;</span><strong><em>Trypanosoma brucei</em></strong></p></li><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Trypanosoma brucei —

  • Describe the shape of Trypanosoma brucei

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • S shaped squiggles among RBC’S

  • Phylum: Euglenozoa

  • Method of Motility: Flagella (not visible)

  • Disease: African Sleeping Sickness (neurological condition)

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<p>What is the <strong>name </strong>of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Entamoeba histolytica

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<p><strong><em>Entamoeba histolytica —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p><span>Describe the shape of&nbsp;</span><strong><em>Entamoeba histolytica</em></strong></p></li><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Entamoeba histolytica —

  • Describe the shape of Entamoeba histolytica

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Oval shaped w/ nucleus looks like ring w dot inside

  • Phylum: Amoebozoa

  • Method of Motility: Pseudopodia (Pseudopods)

  • Disease: Diarrhea

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<p>What is the <strong>name </strong>of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Amoeba proteus

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<p><strong><em>Amoeba proteus —</em></strong></p><ul><li><p>What <strong>phylum </strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Amoeba proteus —

  • What phylum does it belong to?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What disease does it cause? 

Phylum: Amoebozoa

  • Method of Motility: Pseudopodia (Pseudopods) — finger like projections

  • Disease: Amebiasis (amebic dysentery) + Acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection)

29
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<p>What is the <strong>name</strong> of this microbe?</p>

What is the name of this microbe?

Plasmodium spp

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<p><em>Plasmodium spp —</em></p><ul><li><p>Describe the <strong>structure</strong></p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?</p></li><li><p>How is it <strong>transmitted</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What is it’s <strong>method of motility</strong>?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>phylum</strong> does it belong to?</p></li></ul><p><br></p>

Plasmodium spp —

  • Describe the structure

  • What disease does it cause?

  • How is it transmitted?

  • What is it’s method of motility?

  • What phylum does it belong to?


  • Ring like organism inside RBCS → Causes malaria

  • Phylum: Apicomplexa

  • Method of Motility: No Motility

  • Disease: Malaria

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What are the names of the 4 Helminths?

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<p>What is the <strong>name</strong> of this microbe?</p>

What is the name of this microbe?

Taenia pisiformis

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<p><em>Taenia pisiformis —</em></p><ul><li><p>What <strong>category&nbsp;</strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What kind of <strong>reproduction method</strong> does it have?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Taenia pisiformis —

  • What category does it belong to?

  • What kind of reproduction method does it have?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Category: Cestode (tapeworm)

  • Reproduction: Hermaphroditic; produces proglottids that release eggs

  • Disease: Eating raw/undercooked beef, pork, shellfish → causes Taeniasis

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<p>What is the <strong>name</strong> of this microbe?</p>

What is the name of this microbe?

Schistosoma mansoni

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<p><strong><em>Schistosoma mansoni</em></strong><em> —</em></p><ul><li><p>What <strong>category&nbsp;</strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What kind of <strong>reproduction method</strong> does it have?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Schistosoma mansoni —

  • What category does it belong to?

  • What kind of reproduction method does it have?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Category: Trematode (blood fluke)
    Reproduction: Dioecious (separate sexes); male and female live together in the same body

  • Disease: Schistosomiasis – liver damage, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea

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<p>What is the <strong>name</strong> of this organism?</p><p><br></p>

What is the name of this organism?


Clonorchis sinesis (liver fluke)


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<p><em>Clonorchis sinesis</em> (liver fluke)<em> —</em></p><ul><li><p>What <strong>category&nbsp;</strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What kind of <strong>reproduction method</strong> does it have?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Clonorchis sinesis (liver fluke) —

  • What category does it belong to?

  • What kind of reproduction method does it have?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Category: Platyhelminth - Trematode (liver fluke)

  • Reproduction: Hermaphroditic - monoecious (both male & female organs)

  • Disease: Eating undercooked freshwater fish → causes infections (liver or gallbladder) → causes indigestion, fatigue, and diarrhea 

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<p>What is the <strong>name</strong> of this organism?</p>

What is the name of this organism?

Trichinella spiralis

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<p><strong><em>Trichinella spiralis</em></strong><em> —</em></p><ul><li><p>What <strong>category&nbsp;</strong>does it belong to?</p></li><li><p>What kind of <strong>reproduction method</strong> does it have?</p></li><li><p>What <strong>disease </strong>does it cause?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>

Trichinella spiralis —

  • What category does it belong to?

  • What kind of reproduction method does it have?

  • What disease does it cause? 

  • Category: Nematode (roundworm)
    Reproduction: Dioecious; males and females reproduce sexually
    Disease: Trichinellosis eating raw/undercookd meat → muscle cysts, fever, nausea, diarrhea, muscle pain

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