Learning Catalytics 4

The diagnosis for many bacterial infections, such as brucellosis, are typically confirmed by probing for the presence of antibodies against the pathogen in the patient's serum, which may appear several weeks after exposure. 

To confirm the diagnosis of brucellosis with an agglutination assay, would the latex beads be coated with a bacterial antigen or with an antibody?

1. Bacterial antigen

2. Antibody

bacterial antigen

The prevalence and incidence patterns are similar for chronic infections (HIV) and acute infections (flu). 

1. True

2. False

false

The prevalence rate for a chronic infection may decrease over time in a population. 

1. True

2. False

true

The transmission of Lyme disease, which is transferred from an infected tick to a human via a tick bite, can be characterized as exhibiting which type(s) of transmission? 

(Check all that apply)

1. Carrier transmission

2. Vector transmission

3. Aerosol transmission

4. Zoonotic transmission

5. Mechanical transmission

6. Biological transmission

7. Vehicle transmission

vector, zoonotic, biological

Both endotoxin and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin can cause excessive immune response leading to multiorgan failure, low blood pressure, and shock. 

1. True

2. False

true

Both endotoxin and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin produce these life-threatening effects at low concentrations. 

1. True

2. False

false

which of the following molecules would we expect to be present in a strain of EHEC but not in a strain of non-pathogenic E. coli?

1. Shiga toxin gene in the E. coli genome

2. Genes encoding adhesion factors

3. Shiga toxin protein

4. mRNA transcript of Shiga toxin gene

5. Housekeeping genes like DNA polymerase

1, 3, 4

Put the following pathogens in order from least infectious to most infectious based on their ID50 values. 

• EIEC (ID50 = 200-5,000)

• Giardia lamblia (ID50 = 1)

• Vibrio cholerae (ID50 = 1,000,000)

• Rotavirus (ID50 = 10-100)

vibrio cholerae, EIEC, Rotavirus, Giardia lamblia

which type of cells would you expect a viral adhesin to interact with if the virus shows a tropism for the liver?

1. Enterocytes

2. Leukocytes

3. Hepatocytes

4. Dermatocytes

5. Neurons

hepatocytes

sign or symptom: malaise

symptom

sign or symptom: achiness

symptom

sign or symptom: chills

symptom

sign or symptom: fever

sign

sign or symptom: elevated heart rate

sign

which term most accurately describes a urinary tract infection caused by a contaminated urinary catheter? 

1. Highly contagious

2. Mildly contagious

3. Nosocomial

4. Iatrogenic

5. Zoonotic

iatrogenic

patient is unaware of infection:

incubation period

nonspecific signs and symptoms appear:

prodromal period

pathogen reaches peak numbers:

period of illness

highest susceptibility to secondary infections:

period of decline

the pathogen is cleared from the body:

convalescent period