Academic Integrity, Research Ethics, and Copyright

Flashcards covering the definitions of academic integrity, research ethics principles, international and Lebanese copyright laws, and Creative Commons licensing terms.

Academic Integrity

Acting in a way that is honest, fair, respectful, and responsible in your studies and academic work, including avoiding cheating and plagiarizing.

Respect for persons

A principle of Research Ethics emphasizing autonomy and protecting those with diminished autonomy, ensuring participants take part voluntarily.

Beneficence and non-maleficence

Research ethics principles that aim to maximize the benefit of the research and minimize potential risk of harm.

Justice

The ethical requirement in research to not discriminate or use biased language.

Informed consent

The process of giving appropriate and complete information to research participants.

Copyright

A form of protection provided by the laws of the United States to authors of "original works of authorship," including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works.

Originality

A criteria for copyright protection stating that only works encompassing creativity are protected.

Tangibility

A criteria for copyright protection requiring works to be translated into a form that is written or recorded, as the law does not protect unfixed ideas.

Article 102

The portion of US Copyright Law that specifies protected works like literary, musical, dramatic, pantomimes, choreographic, pictorial, graphic, sculptural, and architectural works.

Fair Use

A doctrine in copyright law allowing users to benefit from a work for personal and educational purposes without permission, typically for non-profit use of a small amount.

Personal Use Exception (Lebanon)

An exception in Lebanese law (Articles $23$ & $24$) allowing the use of a limited part of an already legally published work for personal use.

Article 26 (Lebanese Law)

The law providing the right to copy or reproduce articles published in newspapers and magazines or short excerpts of a work for educational purposes.

Article 34 (Lebanese Law)

The law allowing activities by educational institutions provided the use is limited to the audience enrolled in the activity.

Public Domain

Materials not protected by copyright due to time elapse (in Lebanon, $50$ years after the death of the author), lack of originality, or being governmental publications.

Moral rights

The right of the original author to be mentioned (cited) whenever their work is used, which does not expire via time elapse.

Plagiarism

As defined by the Oxford English Dictionary: the action or practice of taking someone else's work, idea, etc., and passing it off as one's own; literary theft.

Annette Schavan

The German Education Minister who lost her job in $2012$ after it was discovered she plagiarized chunks of her PhD thesis in $1980$.

The Social Network

A film detailing the founding of Facebook and lawsuits by Eduardo Saverin and the Winklevoss twins against Mark Zuckerberg involving settlements over $\$65$ million.

Creative Commons

A global nonprofit organization that provides free legal tools to enable sharing and reuse of creativity and knowledge through self-licensing.

Attribution (BY)

A Creative Commons term meaning others can copy, distribute, display, perform, and remix a work if they credit the author's name.

No Derivative Works (ND)

A Creative Commons term meaning others can only copy, distribute, display, or perform verbatim copies of the work.

Share Alike (SA)

A Creative Commons term meaning others can distribute the work only under a license identical to the one chosen for the original work.

Non-Commercial (NC)

A Creative Commons term meaning others can copy, distribute, display, perform, or remix the work for non-commercial purposes only.

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International

An Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives license that allows sharing and redistribution but prohibits commercial use and modified versions.