President Dwight D. Eisenhower

What did Democrats choose? (1952)

Dems. chose Adlai E

Stevenson (witty gov. of Illinois)

What did GOP choose?

GOP chose WWII hero Dwight D. Eisenhower and the anticommunist Richard Nixon as VP

What was Ike like?

“Ike” a grandfatherly figure, war hero, well-liked

What did Nixon labeled Stevenson as?

Nixon labeled Stevenson as soft on communists

What was Nixon caught with?

Nixon caught with secretly financed “slush fund”

What did Nixon save?

Nixon saved political career with “Checkers Speech” about his family and cocker spaniel

What did “Checker speech” show?

Checker Speech showed power of TV (even Ike did a brief TV spot)

Who won 1952 election?

Ike won 1952 election easily (442 to 89)

What did Secretary of state believe?

Sec. of State John Foster Dulles believed containment inadequate (wanted to liberate people under Soviet control)

What did US built?

US built fleet of super-bombers called Strategic Air Command (capable of dropping nukes anywhere in world)

What did USSR form?

(1955) USSR formed Warsaw Pact but Cold War seemingly thawing

What did Ike planned?

Ike planned arms reductions, Soviets surprisingly cooperative, new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced brutality of Stalin

Who did Hungarians revolted against?

(1956) Hungarians revolted against USSR

and appealed to US for help (we did nothing)

Who did the Soviet crush?

(1956) the bloody Soviet crushing of Hungarian revolt raised tensions

What did US and USSR promised?

(Oct. 1958) US and USSR promised to end

“dirty” testing of nukes (but hard to regulate)

Who did Khrushchev invited?

(1959) Khrushchev invited to Camp David

for talks (USSR offered disarmament)

What happened to the U-2 spy incident?

(1960) U-2 spy incident ended

talks (US spy plane shot down over

USSR and pilot was captured)

What did the U-2 incident mark?

the U-2 Incident marked beginning of most tense period in Cold War history

What did the Civil rights do?

civil rights protect individual freedoms and ensure the ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination

How were African-Americans rights like?

African-Americans had civil rights denied

by black codes and Jim Crow laws passed by

southern states and organizations like the KKK

What did the Plessey v. Ferguson establish?

(1896) Plessey v. Ferguson established the constitutionality of public segregation (if separate facilities were equal)

What are African Americans energized by?

African Americans are energized by Populist party in 1890s and began voting in higher numbers (southern states added voter qualifications to combat this)

What did states create for voting?

states created required literacy tests for voting (black schools were underfunded)

What did the “Grandfather clause” do?

“grandfather clause” exempted people

from literacy tests if their grandfathers

voted in 1860 (blacks still enslaved then)

How many African American voters intimidated, discriminated, poll, taxes?

(early 1900s) 20% of eligible

African American voters actually did

(intimidated, discriminated, poll

taxes, etc.)

Who fought for injustices?

Leaders like Booker T. Washington,

W.E.B. Du Bois and the NAACP fought

injustices but few politicians moved to action

Who led the universal Negro improvement?

(1920s) Marcus Garvey led the

Universal Negro Improvement Association

urging black separation (a return to Africa)

What did Phillip Randolph plan?

Randolph (leader of

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters) planned

a march on Washington (FDR issued executive

order banning discrimination in workplace)

What could have Ike done to help?

Ike could have spent some of his political

capital to help lead Civil Rights reforms, but

didn’t. Instead he allowed the Court to enforce

laws through legal decisions.

What has Congress not passed?

Congress had not passed a civil rights act

in 81 years since Reconstruction

Who was left to improve civil rights for African Americans?

only the Judicial branch was left to improve civil

rights for African-Americans)

What did Earl Warren appoint?

(1953) Earl Warren appointed Chief Justice

of Supreme Court

What did Earl Warren do that shocked all the conservatives?

he shocked conservatives by actively ruling in favor of African-American Rights and Minority

groups) Eisenhower said of Warren, “I have 2

regrets in office, and they’re both on the

Supreme Court.”[William Brennan Jr. was the

other

What did the Sweatt v. Painter do?

Painter the Supreme Court

ruled that separate professional schools for

African-Americans not equal (opens the door to

challenging segregation in public schools)

What did the Brown v. Board of Education do?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka,

Kansas reversed 1896 ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson

by saying “separate but equal” not possible

Who was Claudette Colvin?

(March 2nd, 1955) Claudette Colvin refused

to give up her bus seat in “whites only” section

and was arrested at age 15.`

Who was Rosa Parks?

(Dec. 1st 1955) Rosa Parks refused to give

up her bus seat in the “whites only” section (9

months AFTER Claudette Colvin)

What did Martin Luther king kr. used?

Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used peaceful

methods for civil rights protests “Civil

Disobedience” (organized bus boycott in

Montgomery, AL after Parks arrested)

What did Martin luther king create?

Rev. Dr. King created the Southern

Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

mobilizing black churches on behalf of

African-American rights and the Civil Rights

Movement

What did Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus mobilized?

(1957) Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus

mobilized National Guard to prevent 9 African

American students from enrolling in Little Rock

Central High School

What did Ike sent?

Ike sent troops from the 101st Airborne to

escort the “Little Rock Nine” to class (Ike

asserting federal power over states) enforcing

the Supreme Court’s Decision

What did Civil rights leader try to do?

Civil Rights leaders tried to make their

suffering known to the public using

television to show what was happening in

the South

What did congress create (1957)?

(1957) Congress created Civil Rights

Commission to investigate rights violations and

protect those whose rights were being denied

What did 4 African-American college students launched?

(Feb, 1960) 4 African-American college

students launched a sit-in at a Greensboro, NC

Woolworth’s diner (sparks the “sit-in”

movement)

What did the African American students form?

(April 1960) African-American

students formed Student Non-Violent

Coordinating Committee (SNCC) giving

focus and force to civil rights movement

What did Ike promise?

Ike promised “dynamic conservatism”

(socially liberal but financially conservative)

What did Ike decreased?

Ike decreased spending by cutting

defense budgets and transferring

agencies to state or private control

What vaccine was distributed?

Jonas Salk’s polio vaccine

widely distributed for free

What did farmers see drop?

farmers saw drop in prosperity after WWII

What did Ike fought?

Ike fought illegal immigration from Mexico

(sent 1 million from Bracero program back)

What did Ike keep?

Ike kept some New Deal programs

(Social Security, unemployment insurance)

Eisenhower Interstate system

Interstate Highway Act (federal

funding for 42,000 miles of interstate freeways)

What was ike balanced budget?

Ike balanced budget just 3 of 8 years

(1959 was biggest peacetime deficit in US history)

What did the AF of L rejoin?

the AF of L rejoined with the CIO to strengthen labor union

Who did Eisenhower run against?

(1956) Eisenhower ran against Adlai

Stevenson and won in a landslide

What did Dems question?

Dems. questioned Ike’s health

(had heart attack in 1955 and

major abdominal surgery in 1956)

In 1959 what occured?

(1959) a rash of labor strikes and reports of

corruption among union leaders led to reform

Who disappeared?

Teamster chief Dave Beck imprisoned for

embezzlement and replaced by Jimmy Hoffa who

disappeared (Teamsters booted from AFL-CIO)

What new states occur?

(1959) Alaska and Hawaii

became 49th and 50th states

What did the 22nd amendment limit?

(1951) 22nd Amendment limited Ike

and all future presidents to just 2 terms

What did Ike use to warn the military-industrial complex?

Ike used his farewell address to warn of the

“military-industrial complex” (the powerful

link between government and war industries)

What do critics suggest?

critics suggested Americans misusing science

to create things like TV not on missile technology

After 4 months what did the Sputnik I sent up?

4 months after Sputnik I the US

sent up its own satellite Explorer

What fear was set with USSR?

fears of science gap with USSR

led to concerns over US education

and the creation of the SAT Exam

What did National Defense and Education Act give?

(1958) National Defense and Education Act

(NDEA) gave $887 million in loans to needy

college students and grants to improve schools

What did both US and USSR sought?

both US and USSR sought military

uses for space exploration and in US the

space race had profound effect on culture

Eisenhower party?

Republican

How did Richard M. Nixon “save” his place as Eisenhower’s Vice Presidential candidate?

Richard M. Nixon "saved" his place as Eisenhower's Vice Presidential candidate through his televised "Checkers speech," where he defended himself against allegations of impropriety by declaring his family's ownership of a pet dog named Checkers.

Eisenhowers campaign motto?

“I like ike”

Who was JOhn Foster Dulles? What policy did he create?

John Foster Dulles was a prominent American diplomat who served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower and was a key architect of the policy of containment, particularly through the strategy of brinkmanship during the Cold War.

Define EIsenhower Doctrine

aimed to provide military and economic assistance to Middle Eastern countries facing Communist aggression

Identify Allen dulles and the organization that he help create

Allen Dulles was an American diplomat and lawyer who served as the Director of Central Intelligence and played a significant role in shaping the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

What was Sputnik and what did it start between the Soviet Union and United states?

Sputnik was the world's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, which initiated the space race and heightened tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War.

Suez war

the United Kingdom, and France invaded Egypt to regain control of the Suez Canal, leading to international condemnation and eventual withdrawal under pressure from the United States and the Soviet Union.

Hungarian Uprising

The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 was a nationwide revolt against Soviet-imposed policies and the Hungarian Communist government, ultimately suppressed by Soviet military intervention.

Francis Gary powers

American pilot of a U-2 spy plane shot down over soviet union

Who was Nikita Krushchev?

Soviet Politian who served as the primer of the soviet union

Ignacio lopez was a Bracero. What is a bracero? What did lopez create to promote the voting rights of mexican Americans

Ignacio Lopez was a Bracero, a term referring to Mexican laborers allowed into the United States during World War II under a guest worker program. He created the "Viva Kennedy" clubs to promote the voting rights of Mexican Americans during John F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1960.

Federal Government created a “Termination Policy” when it came working with Native American tribes. How successful was the policy?

was largely unsuccessful and resulted in devastating consequences for many tribes, including loss of land, cultural identity, and economic stability

Thurgood Marshall was the leading attorney in the Case Brown B board of Education. Why is this case so important? What decision did it reverse? how does it effect us to this day

Thurgood Marshall was the leading attorney in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, which was pivotal as it reversed the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson, leading to the desegregation of public schools and laying the foundation for the civil rights movement, impacting societal perceptions of equality and education to this day.

Who were the little rock nine?

A group of African American Students acing intense opposition and resistance as they became the first black students to attend the previously all-white school in Arkansas.

What was the SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, was a key civil rights

What did Rosa Parks protest create

Montgomery bus boycott

Who became the Leader of the movement of montgomery bus boycott?

Martin luther king Jr

What is SCLC?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Consumerism

Consumption of goods and services

Planned Obsolescence

Practice by manufactures