muscular system spaced repetition

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69 Terms

1
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What are the three muscle types in the body?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

2
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What is the endomysium?

a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

3
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What is the perimysium?

connective tissue that surrounds groups of 10-100 individual muscle fibers separating them into bundles called fascicles.

4
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What is the epimysium?

Connective tissue layer(outside muscle); an overcoat of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle

5
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Where are smooth muscles found in the body?

walls of hollow organs (except heart) in the digestive system, blood vessels, and urinary system

6
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How is cardiac muscle contraction regulated?

involuntary contraction

7
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What are the functions of muscle?

producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints and generating heat

8
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What is the sarcolemma?

specialized plasma membrane of muscle cells

9
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What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

stores calcium

10
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What is myosin?

Thick filament protein with a head and elongated tail, the heads form cross bridges with the thin filaments during muscle contraction

11
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What is actin?

Thin filament protein. Twisted into a double helix and appears like a double-stranded chain of pearls. Contains the myosin-binding site.

12
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What is the neurotransmitter for muscle contraction?

acetylcholine (ACh)

13
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What is the energy needed for muscle contraction?

stored ATP

14
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What types of muscles are involuntary?

smooth and cardiac

15
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What types of muscle are striated?

skeletal and cardiac

16
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What type of muscle is voluntary?

skeletal

17
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What type of muscle has intercalated discs?

cardiac

18
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Where is glycogen stored in the muscle cells?

in glycosomes

19
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What is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell?

sarcoplasm

20
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What is the light area of the sarcomere?

I Band

21
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What structure attaches a bone to a muscle?

tendon

22
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What proteins are on actin?

tropomysin and troponin (in skeletal muscle)

23
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What is the H Band?

the center part of the sarcomere that gets smaller when a muscle contracts and appears when the muscle relaxes

24
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What ion stimulates the contraction of muscle?

calcium

25
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What is the function of skeletal muscle?

movement of bones

26
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What type of muscle forms most of the heart?

cardiac

27
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What type of muscle exhibits autorhythmicity (beats with a steady rhythm)?

cardiac

28
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What type of muscle forms the walls of hollow internal structures?

smooth

29
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What type of muscles have a striped appearance?

skeletal and cardiac

30
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What is the contractile unit of muscle?

sarcomere

31
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What is another name for a muscle cell?

muscle fiber

32
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What is the ability of an electrical impulse to stimulate a muscle cell to contract?

excitability

33
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What is the ability of muscle cells to shorten and generate a pulling force?

contractility

34
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What is the muscles' ability to be stretched back to its original length by contraction of an opposing muscle?

extensibility

35
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What is a cross bridge?

The connection of a myosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory)

36
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What is the ability of a muscle to recoil after being stretched?

elasticity

37
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A sarcomere is the distance between two __ ?

Z discs

38
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The thicker filaments are the filaments.

myosin

39
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Both actin and myosin are found in the _band.

A

40
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What is troponin?

a regulatory protein that moves tropomyosin aside & exposes myosin binding sites when Ca+ is released during muscle contraction

41
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What causes the striations of skeletal muscles?

Arrangements of myofilaments

42
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What are striations?

the light and dark stripes in skeletal and cardiac muscles

43
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True or False--The sliding filament model of contraction involves actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening.

True

44
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What is tropomyosin?

It is a long, fibrous protein that winds around the actin polymer, blocking all the myosin-binding sites.

45
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What is myoglobin?

A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells?

46
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What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

an elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage

47
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What is sarcoplasm?

the cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber

48
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What is the neuromuscular junction?

point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell

49
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What is glycogen?

a complex carbohydrate consisting of stored glucose molecules in skeletal muscles; breaks down to release glucose when it is needed for energy.

50
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List the structures in order from largest to smallest -sarcomere, myofibrils, muscle, actin & myosin, muscle fibers, fascicle

muscle, fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcomere, actin & myosin

51
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What is a fascicle?

A bundle of skeletal muscle cells. Fascicles group together to form skeletal muscles.

52
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What is the origin of a muscle?

less moveable of the two bones is considered to be the starting point of the muscle

53
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What is the insertion of a muscle?

the end of a muscle attached to a movable part

54
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What is an aponeurosis?

Broad, flat, sheet like connective tissue that connects muscles to a bone or another muscle

55
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What is a myofilament?

threadlike structures found in myofibrils which aid in contraction, composed of myosin (thick) and actin (thin)

56
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What is the M-line?

supporting proteins that hold the thick filaments together in the H zone

57
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What is a cross bridge?

The connection of a myosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory).

58
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What is the sliding filament theory?

theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still

59
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What is titin?

elastic protein, keeps thick and thin filaments aligned

60
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What is acetylcholine?

neurotransmitter that diffuses across a synapse and produces an impulse in the cell membrane of a muscle cell

61
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What is the function of calcium ions in muscle contraction?

when released from the SR, they stimulate the reaction leading to muscle contraction by attaching to regulatory proteins on actin.

62
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What is an action potential?

Electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters

63
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sliding filament model

http://www.brookscole.com/chemistryd/templates/studentresources/shared_resources/animations/muscles/muscles.html

64
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neuromuscular junction

http://i.quizlet.com/i/nYF-bOgntkugCWfOei5V_Q.jpg

65
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muscle fiber

http://i.quizlet.com/i/QT0VeS4z64YGxbvpIryyCQ.jpg

66
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muscle attachments

http://i.quizlet.com/i/YA5QZHhwLSHxvgq69LAi8A.jpg

67
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Label the skeletal muscle

http://i.quizlet.com/i/519POAtI8mFFx20bDN0p2Q.jpg

68
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sarcomere

http://i.quizlet.com/i/MutWxfl0BeWbjOrWcdsjIg.jpg

69
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myofibrils

http://i.quizlet.com/i/RatVgsAySsHOppCz-DJE-w.jpg