Endocrine Medications (Diabetic medications)

Sulfonylureas medications

glipizide

Sulfonylureas therapeutic use

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sulfonylureas sx

Hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea

sulfonylureas patient teaching

Wear medical alert bracelet

Watch for and report manifestations of hypoglycemia

Test blood glucose to confirm

Consume a snack of carbohydrates

Retest in 15 to 20 minutes if still low

Carry carbohydrate snake at all times

Sulfonylureas contra

Pregnancy, lactation, diabetic ketoacidosis

Sulfonylureas int

Alcohols increase hypoglycemic effects

Sulfonamide antibiotics, NSAIDS, oral anticoagulants, salicylates, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and cimetidine increase hypoglycemic effects

Thiazides counteract hypoglycemic effects

Sulfonylureas precautions

Renal or hepatic dysfunction

Adrenal or pituitary insufficiency

Meglitinides medications

repaglinide

Meglitinides therapeutic use

Type two diabetes mellitus

Meglitinides sx

Hypoglycemia, nausea, vomiting

Meglitinides patient teaching

wear medical alert bracelet

test blood glucose to confirm hypoglycemia

Advise patient to take 4 oz of orange juice or 2 to 3 tsp of sugar, honey or corn syrup dissolved in water if hypoglycemia occurs

Retest in 15 to 20 min and repeat treatment if still low. Carry a carbohydrate snack at all times.

Lie down when feeling nauseated.

Consume adequate carbohydrates

Meglitinides administration

• Give orally 30 min or less before meals, usually three times a day.

• Tell clients to skip a dose if they skip a meal and to add a dose if they add a meal.

• Do not exceed 4 doses a day

Meglitinides interventions

Monitor for manifestations of hypoglycemia, check the clients blood glucose every 15 to 20 mi, monitor for persistent nausea, vomiting or diarrhea

Biguanides medications

metformin

Biguanides therapeutic use

type 2 diabetes mellitus

biguanides int

Lactic acidosis, vitamin deficiencies (vitamin B12, folic acid)

Biguanides interventions

monitor for manifestations of lactic acidosis, monitor for persistent nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, monitor fluid intake and output, monitor for manifestations of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficient

Biguanides administration

Give orally twice a day with morning and evening meals or once a day with evening meal (extended release, ensure clients swallow the extended release whole and do not crush or chew it

Biguanides patient teaching

avoid drinking alcohol, report weakness, fatigue, lethargy or hyperventilation, lie down when feeling nauseated.