Intro Stat Analysis

Collection, organization and summarization or interpretation of data using defined methods

Statistics

_____ is represented by a _______ to be more precise

Data; number

Observations made using measured instruments or procedures

Data

Ex: Clocks, balances, measuring rods

Data

Deals with an isolated characteristics of a set of objects

Ex: white blood cell counts in a patient

Univariate analysis

Deals with simultaneous investigation of two or more variable characteristics

Ex: patients response to a drug/combination of drugs

Multivariate analysis

Uses techniques to summarize information contained in a set of data

Descriptive analysis

Refers to a well defined collection of data and its size depends on the definition

Population

Direct exhaustive measurement of population characteristics — parameters

Descriptive analysis

Helps reduce information to a manageable size

Descriptive analysis

Uses techniques for reaching conclusions about the entire collection of data based on information in a subset of data

Inferential analysis

Anything upon which observations are made

Object

Differing observation about a particular characteristic of an object

Variables

True or false

Neither an object nor a variable can exist independent of each other

True

What is this?
Height of students in the class

Variable

What is this?

A student

Object

A scheme for numerical representation of the values of the variable

Scales

How many types of Scales are there?

4

What are the types of Scales?

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio

Differ in kind only, can’t be arranged in meaningful order

Just labels

Ex: blood types, gender

Nominal

Values of variables that can be arranged in a meaningful order

Ex: grading pain

Ordinal

Equal differences between scale values have equal meaning, considered a metric scale, variables are quantitative

Ex: temperature scales

Interval

Has the most information, is transitive and the ratios have meaning, has a true zero

Ex: Scales used to measure length, time, weight, etc

Ratio

Variables measured on non-metric nominal or ordinal scales

Ex: blood group

Qualitative

Variables measured in metric interval and ratio scales

Ex: protein levels

Quantitative

_______ variables take on a finite number of values

Discrete

_______ variables take on any numerical value

Continuous

Variables that can take only two values - binary values

Ex: male or female

Dichotomous

Dummy variable used to convert qualitative variable into binary variable

Dichotomous

Also referred to as binary variables

Dichotomous

Properties of objects that take only one value and are invariable

Constants

Convenient to represent variables using letters

Notation

_____ letters are used to denote mathematical operations

Greek

The Greek letter sigma (∑ ) is used to denote ___

sum

The Greek letter pi (∏) is used to denote _____

product