Orgo Chapter 12

a _____ is required for hydrogenation

catalyst (Pd or Pt)

hydrogenation is _____

stereospecific (cis only)

syn addition

new groups are added to the same face of C=C bond in alkene

the π electron cloud in alkanes is ____

polarizable, and can act as a nucleophile/base

formation of carbocation is the ____ _____ ____

rate determining step

the more stable carbocation will form faster,

the more substituted carbon in C=C ends up bonded to X

electrophilic hydration

addition of H, OH

high temp favors

elimination

low temp favors

addition

electrophilic addition of X₂ is

trans only 

bromonium intermediate can be opened by

H2O, ROH (net addition od X, OH or X, OR)

oxymercuration demercuration 

markovnikov addition of H, OH without carbocation intermediates  

hydroboration oxidation

anti maokovnikov addition of H, OH

acid catalyzed hydration

H2O, H2SO4
Markovnikov
not selective

oxymurcuration demurcuration hydration

Hg(OAc)₂, H2O 2. NaBH4

Markovnikov
not stereospecific

no carbocation

hydroboration oxidation hydration

BH3, H2O2

antimark

syn

diazomethane CH₂N₂

loses N₂ to generate carbeneca

carbene is both

nucleophilic and electrophilic

alkene → cyclopropane

via carbene

the more electron rich C=C is more

reactive 

OSO₄ enables syn addition of

OH, OH

oznolysis

oxidative cleavage of C=C bond