Design of Goods and Services, Process Design, and Facility Layout

Flashcards related to goods and service design, process design, and facility layout.

Process Design

A method used to understand and improve organizational processes, especially during expansion or when reaching new customers.

Direct Interactions

Assist development teams to consider customer interactions with a product or service, ensuring customer satisfaction.

Important Value

Understanding how a product or service enhances the market to increase customer engagement and satisfaction.

Team Collaboration

Essential for efficiently managing product or service development, involving multiple individuals or teams.

High Quality

Maintaining high standards in a product or service to compete effectively in the market, considering factors like effectiveness, safety, and usability.

Specific Boundaries

Providing crucial safety or usage information to customers, targeting processes for each customer segment.

Legal Compliance

Ensuring that a company’s products and operations meet all applicable legal standards at both state and national levels.

Continuous Testing

Assessing a product or service continuously to understand customer perceptions and refine processes, incorporating feedback for improvements.

Informed Revisions

Using feedback from testing to identify and implement necessary revisions to a product or process, enhancing operations.

Product Variety

Whether a product is highly standardized or customized.

Volume of Output

Whether a business is set up for large or small production volumes.

Make-to-order

Made after the order is received and allows customization.

Make-to-stock

Goods produced in anticipation of customer demand based on sales forecast, stored until order.

Project (Process Type)

A one-time event with high customization, resource use, and complex activities, resulting in a single output.

Job Shop

Used when each product is unique, production is intermittent, workers are highly skilled, and output is low.

Batch

Identical products are grouped and processed in batches, with general-purpose equipment.

Repetitive

Produces standardized products with high output, specialized equipment, and lower skill level employees.

Continuous

High-volume production of non-discrete products like liquids or materials such as sugar or steel.

Hybrids/Mass Customization

Combines low-cost, high-volume production with customer-specific customization, often using computer-aided manufacturing.

Facility Layout

The way organizations arrange equipment, departments, or work centers, to streamline production, reduce waste, and improve safety.

Fixed Position Layout

Workers, tools, & equipment brought to a stationary product site; common in construction and major repairs

Process Layout

Departments are arranged by function; common in manufacturing and retail; products move through departments

Product (Line) Layout

Assembly or production lines with equipment laid out sequentially; used for high-volume products; workstations add to or modify product.

Cellular Layout

Hybrid layout with process and product layout elements; grouped into cells using group technology for efficiency and flexibility.

Office Layout

Employees are grouped by tasks or teams; emphasizes collaboration and open concept with less paper and furniture.

Retail Layout

Maximizes sales per square foot by studying traffic patterns to increase exposure to product.

Warehouse Layout

Planned design to streamline operations in production & distribution: optimizes space, increases productivity, and utilizes resources effectively.

Throughput time

Time from the start to the end of a process, including process, waiting, inspection, rework, and movement times.

Lead time

Time between customer's order and when product is ready to ship.

Cycle time

Rate at which operation produces each unit; time between completion of each product.

Takt time

Rate at which a firm needs to process product to meet demand;

Process Flowcharting

Diagram showing process steps and decisions; team members have a clear understanding of current process.