45 - Redefining Equality: Black Power to Affirmative Action

Black Power

Strategy introduced by Stokely Carmichael in 1966 focusing on political and economic empowerment for African Americans.

Racial Unrest

Protests and riots triggered by deep-rooted frustrations over poverty, prejudice, and police brutality in African American communities.

Black Nationalism

Advocacy by Malcolm X for Black separation and empowerment, diverging from Martin Luther King Jr.'s integrationist approach.

James Baldwin

Writer emphasizing the urgency for racial equality and immediate action through works like 'The Fire Next Time.'

Afrocentrism

Emphasis on African history, culture, and achievements to counter Eurocentric views and promote cultural pride among Black Americans.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Legislation addressing fair housing and combating racial discrimination, part of federal efforts following Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination.

Desegregation

Efforts to end school segregation, enforced through landmark cases like Brown v. Board of Education and Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education.

Affirmative Action

Policies initiated by Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon to promote minority hiring, leading to debates on preferential treatment and legal challenges.