Phys sci states of matter

Kinetic theory

All matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion (higher temp=faster, lower temp=slower)

Solids

Have definite shape and volume

Crystalline solids

orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules

amorphous solid

composed of atoms or molecules that are in no particular order

Liquids

Can change shape but have definite volume, particles slide past eachother (allows it to flow)

Surface tension

the force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid that causes the liquid to form spherical drops

Gases

No definite shape or volume, moves in all directions, particles move fast enough to break away

Plasma

No definite shape and particles have broken apart, 99% of mattter in the universe, conducts electric current (lightning, fire, northern lights)

Artificial plasma

Fluorescent lights

Energy

The ability to do work

Thermal energy

Total kinetic energy (energy of motion) of a substance's atoms (faster=warmer)

Temperature

Measure of the average kinetic energy

Physical change

Conversion of a substance from one physical form to another

Evaporation

Liquid to gas, particles speed up

Sublimation

Solid to a gas, particles speed up

Condensation

Gas to liquid, particles slow down

Endothermic

Energy is absorbed

Exothermic

Energy is released

When a substance loses or gains energy...

Either It's temperature or its state of matter changes

The temperature of a substance does not change during

A change of state

Mass and energy cannot be

created or destroyed

Buoyant force

The upward force that fluids exert on matter

Archimedes' Principle

the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, the object will float if the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object

Pressure=

force/area

Pascal's principle

A fluid in equilibrium contained in a vessel exerts pressure of equal intensity in all directions

Hydraulic devices

Devices that use liquid to transfer pressure from one point to another

Fluids move___through smaller areas than through larger areas

Faster

Gay lussac's law: As Pressure increases, temperature

Increases

Gay-lussac's law: As pressure decreases, temperature

Decreases

Boyle's law: As Pressure increases, volume

Decreases

Boyle's law: As pressure decreases, volume

Increases

Charle's law: As volume increases

temperature increases

Charle's law: As volume decreases

temperature decreases

Viscosity

Fluids resistance to flow

Bernoulli's principle

As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure of the moving fluid decreases