CONTRACTS

Kashiba v. Shripat

Minor’s guardian sold the minor’s property without necessity or benefit — held void as it was not for the minor’s welfare. ----

Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose (1903)

Minor executed a mortgage knowingly accepted by a lender aware of his age — held void ab initio; minor not liable for restitution when the other party knew of minority. ----

Mir Sarwarjan v. Fakhruddin Mohammad Chowdhury (1912)

Guardian contracted to purchase property on behalf of minor — guardian cannot bind minor by contract; minor cannot sue for specific performance. ----

Srikakulam Subrahmanyam v. Kurra Subba Rao (1948)

Guardian transferred minor’s property to pay family debt — valid if for benefit or necessity of the minor; overruled Mir Sarwarjan. ----

Raghava Chariar v. Srinivasa (1916)

Minor received benefit under a contract without any obligation — law protects minors but allows them to enjoy benefits under lawful transfers. ----

Sharafat Ali v. Noor Mahomed (1924)

Promissory note executed in favour of minor — minor can be a promisee and enforce beneficial contracts though he cannot bind himself. ----

Chapple v. Anne Cooper (1834)

Goods supplied to minor claimed as necessaries — necessaries include essentials suitable to the minor’s condition in life, not luxuries. ----

Indran Ramaswamy v. Anthiappa Chettiar (1906)

Minor executed a promissory note and reaffirmed it after majority — ratification after majority invalid; fresh contract needs new consideration. ----

Leslie Ltd. v. Sheill (1914)

Minor borrowed money by falsely claiming majority — not liable even for fraud; can only restore traceable property, not repay money. ----

Ranganayakamma v. Alwar Setti

Widow’s adoption made conditional on adoption deed — held void as consent obtained under coercion.

Askari Mirza v. Bibi Jai Kishori

Agreement to adopt a child after taking money — void as it opposed public policy and personal laws.

Kishan Lal v. State of Rajasthan

Minor’s contract with government for supply of goods — void as minor not competent to contract.

Ammiraju v. Seshamma

Husband threatening suicide to compel wife’s consent to transfer property — held coercion under Section 15, ICA.

Astley v. Reynolds (1731)

Money paid under coercion to get back pledged goods — recoverable as coercion invalidates consent.

Skats v. Beale

Minor’s contract for goods not necessary to his condition in life — not enforceable; minor not liable for non-necessaries.

Irrigation Deptt. v. G.C. Roy

Arbitrator entitled to award interest for the period of arbitration proceedings.

Bansari v. Secretary of State

Compensation denied for unlawful act — government not liable when acting within legal authority.

Rajlukhy Dabee v. Bhootnath Mukherjee

Agreement to live separately without proper consideration — void as against public policy.

Bhiwa v. Shivram

Contract with consideration of immoral purpose — void under Section 23, ICA.

Ram Charan Das v. Girja Nandini Devi

Family settlement valid even without legal claim; object is peace and harmony among family members.

Sidheshri Ganpati v. State of Maharashtra

Contract against statutory provisions — void and unenforceable.

State Bank of India v. Dilip Chandra Singh

Bank bound by its employee’s fraud due to vicarious liability.

Tulse Ram v. Same Singh

Compromise of doubtful claim amounts to valid consideration under law.

Daulat Ram v. Som Nath

Past voluntary services not consideration for later promise — unenforceable.

Business Forms Ltd. v. Ashoka Agencies

Agreement restricting trade without reason — void under Section 27, ICA.

Chappell & Co. Ltd. v. Nestle Co. Ltd.

Even trivial consideration like chocolate wrappers valid if part of bargain.

Tennent v. Tennent

Domestic arrangement between husband and wife not intended to create legal relations — not enforceable.

Pridmore v. Calvert

Social/domestic agreement lacks intention to create legal relations — void as contract.

Lowe v. Peers

Agreement restricting marriage of one party — void as restraint of marriage under Section 26, ICA.

Shrawan Kumar v. Nirmala

Minor’s contract for property sale — void; specific performance cannot be granted.

Rao Rani v. Gulabi Rani

Agreement between spouses to live apart permanently — void against public policy.

Bamadhubdu v. Dadrunessa

Fraudulent misrepresentation makes contract voidable at option of deceived party.

Chandra v. Raj Coomar

Contract to defraud third party — void for unlawful object under Section 23, ICA.

Nordenfelt v. Maxim Nordenfelt Guns & Ammunition Co.

Restrictive covenant valid if reasonable in scope and for protection of business.

Percept D’Mark Ltd. v. Zaheer Khan

Post-termination restraint on profession — void as restraint of trade under Section 27, ICA.

Goldsoll v. Goldrain

Partial restraint of trade valid if severable and reasonable.

Haribhai v. Sharefi Ali

Promise without consideration not enforceable under Section 25, ICA.

Mackenzie v. Sirmabai

Agreement restraining marriage of a minor girl — void as restraint of marriage.

Paramount Coaching Centre v. State of Bihar

Educational institution’s restrictive employment clause unreasonable — void under Section 27.

Sanmar Speciality Chemicals v. Biswajit Roy

Non-compete clause post-employment void unless protecting proprietary interests.

Anindya Mukherjee v. Clean Coats Pvt. Ltd.

Employment restraint after termination invalid; freedom of trade protected.

Drug Co. v. Chemoid & Industry

Contract for sale of patented drug with restraint — void if excessive restraint on trade.

Hakam Singh v. Gammon (India) Ltd.

Parties can choose jurisdiction where part of cause of action arises; such clause valid.

May West v. Chinn Mutual Life Insurance Co.

Life insurance contract entered by minor — void; minor not competent to contract.

Emmsons International Ltd. v. Metal Distributors (UK) Ltd.

Arbitration clause in international contract binding if properly incorporated.

Koegler v. Coringa Oil Co. Ltd.

Contract void as entered by agent without authority; principal not bound. -