AP 1 - EXAM 1 chemistry & cell

Homeostasis is best defined as an organism's ability to:

• Maintain its internal environment within allowable limits

Which answer best applies to the process of metabolism:

perform catabolism and oxidation

Which answer best applies to the processes of growth and repair:

perform anabolism and mitosis

When blood glucose rise the pancreas secretes insulin to increase glucose transport into the cell resulting in lowering glucose levels; this is an example of

negative feedback

Oxygen's Atomic Number is 8; which of the following statements apply:

8 protons, 8 e-, 6 valence e-

Carbon 12 has 6 neutrons in its nucleus whereas Carbon 14 has 8 neutrons; these two elements are known as:

isotopes

In which type of bond do Sodium and Chloride atoms donate and accept electrons:

ionic

Which type of bond holds water individual molecules togther to form a liquid:

hydrogen

Anions are elements which:

accept e-

Which of the following is considered an Cation:

Na+, Ca+2

Compounds which release H⁺ when added to water are known as:

acids

A substance that resists changes in pH is termed:

buffer

Which of the following formulas is classified as organic:

C₆H₁₂O₆

Which of the following would be considered the most alkaline pH:

7.3

Glucose has a six-carbon ring, fructose has a five carbon ring with a side chain, but they are both have the formula C₆H₁₂O₆: these compounds are considered:

isomers

Which formula describes a typical lipid:

CHO

Which formula describes a typical nucleic acid:

CHONP

The monomers of compounds such as glycogen would include:

simple sugars

The monomers of compounds such as enzymes would include:

amino acids

The process by which a compound releases an electron and free energy is called:

oxidation

The process by which monomers are assembled into polymers is called:

anabolism

The process by which polymers are broken down into monomers is called:

catabolism & hydrolysis

Glucose molecules are joined to form starch by which type of linkage:

Glycosidic linkage

Starch is stored in human muscle tissue as:

glycogen

Which of the following functional groups is a carboxyl:

-COOH

Polyunsaturated fats:

• Are liquids at room temp

Which of the following functional groups is only associated with proteins:

NH2

Amino Acids are linked together by which type of bond

peptide bond

Which will not denature an enzyme:

low temperatures

Enzymes act as catalysts by:

• Lowering activation energy

Which of the following is not a component of a typical nucleotide:

glycerol

Which of the following is classified as a purine:

guanine

Which nucleotide is only associated with RNA:

uracil

Which bond links complimentary bases on opposite strands:

hydrogen

Which bond links nucleotides on the same strand:

phosphodiester

Which of the following purine-pyrimidine complimentary pairs is correct:

Guanine + cytosine

Which is the correct sequence of events:

1: Anaphase     2: Cytokinesis         3: Prophase

4: Metaphase    5: Interphase          6: Telophase

• 5,4,3,1,6,2

Which best describes why the integument (skin) is classified as an organ

• It is composed of 2 or more tissues 

How is the genetic information in DNA encoded:

• In groups of 3 nitrogen bases on the same sense strand

Which best explains why DNA replication is considered to be "semi-conservative":

Each complementary strand is used as a template to attract a new daughter strand

Which forms the template for the growing daughter strand:

RNA primase

Which of the following assembles nucleotides into the new daughter strands during  DNA replication:

DNA polymerase III

Which of the following creates phosphodiester bonds between Okasaki fragments of the elongating daughter strands during DNA replication:

DNA ligase

The polypeptide code is carried by:

sense strand

Protein Transcription is carried out by which of the following:

mRNA

Which of these is associated with the "anticodon"

tRNA

Which of the following is associated with the "codon":

mRNA

Which is responsible for Translation:

tRNA

If the sense strand code reads "T A C" the codon is:

“AUG”

A base substitution mutation which still codes for the same amino acid is known as:

silent mutation