APUSH Unit 5

progressivism, gilded age, populist party, unions

pools

divided markets between competing firms and fixed prices, creates a monopoly together

trusts

companies combined to limit competition, looks like several companies but under 1

corporations

companies battling to control entire industries, large companies consuming small companies

vertical integration

avoidance of middlemen

horizontal expansion

acquiring or merging with competitors buying all the other companies

robber barons

economic leaders, very successful, but had very bad practices and created giant monopolies

visible class divisions

working class remained poor and had to recrute women

great railroad strike 1877

caused by wage cuts, it was demonstrations of workers who refused to work

knights of labor

1st national union

socialism

diverse economic and social systems by ownership of the means of production opposed to private ownership

social gospel movement

application of Christian principles to social problems

haymarket affair

violence during protest at Haymarket square, put and end to the knights of labor and union numbers started to decrease

frontier thesis

the American culture was formed on the western frontier

battle of little bighorn

natives massacred US calvary

wounded knee

last incident of the Indian wars, US Calvary killed 200 sioux

credit mobile scandel

union stockholders signed contracts with tthemselves

civil service act 1883

marked the end of the spoils system

interstate commerce commision

designed to curb abuses in the railroad industry but had little impact, 1st law to restrict monopolies, and it was used to support unions

manifest destiny or westward expansion

settlement

forced assimilation/ loss of land

invasion

deliberate killing of a group

genocide

populist party

started because of falling crop prices and rising debt for farmers, farmers would borrow money to pay off later, but they weren’t making enough to pay it all off so their debt increases

impact of railroad monopolies on farmers

farmers were responsible for shipping cost, so the railroads kept it at a high cost which made life even harder for farmers

farmers organizations

grange movement in 1867 to address farmers’ issues

unions tried to get people to realize how important farmers were

populist party 1891

1892 presidential election

democrats start to be more populist, populist issues taken up by progressives

influence of populist party declined

populism today is a political approach

ellis island

saw over 12 million eastern and southern European immigrants, people were processed in less than a day here, people were rejected to diseases and mental illness

angel island

saw Asian (Chinese) immigrants, took much longer than Ellis island because of chinese discrimination

homestead strike

association against homesteads 12 steel mill, workers blockaded the steelwork

farmers alliance

evolved into the peoples party by early 1890s, wanted free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, railroad regulation, and direct election of US senators

kansas exodus

migration in 1879 of thousands of blacks so they could escape the oppressive southern government

laws to eliminate the black vote

constitutional provisions, grandfather clauses, disenfranchisement

plessy v ferguson

SC decisions supporting segrigation

chinese exclusion act

temporarily excluded all immigrants from china, only time in American history where they actually excluded one group of people because of their race

american federation of labor

labor unions that devote itself to negotiating with employers for higher wages and better working conditions

womens era

3 decades during which women enjoyed larger opportunities for economic independence

progressivism

significant change in American social and political life, education, public health, economy, environment, labor, transportation, and politics

muckrakers

journalists who used their skills to expose the bad parts of American life

pull factors of immigrants to america

industrial revolution, economic opportunities, jobs

push factors to immigrants

war, poverty, illiteracy, and failing economy

advertising

increased sales by linking the idea of goods with freedom

scientific management

campaign to improve worker management

socialist party platform

demanding public ownership of major economic enterprise

Society of American Indians

goal was to promote discussions in the hopes that public exposure would be the 1st step toward remedying justice

pragmatisism

institutions should be judged by their practical effects.

initiative

allowed citizens to propose and vote for laws

referendum

public policies be submitted to popular vote

recall

removal of public officials by popular vote

17th amendment

US senators directly elected by vote

economic cittizenship

the right to a decent income and protection against unemployment and work related accidents

nationalization during the progressive era

progressivists only believed an energetic federal government could create the social conditions of freedom

Jane Adamms

made settlement houses and helped the immigrants that were living a hard life during the gilded age

Carnegie

philanthropist millionaire who believed in the GOSPEL OF WEALTH thought that it was his duty to give back to the poor

Phoebe Apperson Hearst

also a philanthropist and a crusader of the women’s suffrage movement, gave her money to better the education of the lower class

laissez-faire capitalism

the government very rarely intervenes in businesses, which allows companies to mass-produce products

henry geogre

made the single tax on land solution which was that wealthy folks with lots of land needed to be taxed more to make the gap between the classes smaller

edward bellamy

artist using utopian art to challenge industrial capitalism

elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan b anthony

founded the national woman’s suffrage association which worked to secure rights for women (voting especially)

temperance

fight against alcohol, women’s Christian temperance movement, anti-saloon league

carrie nation

more radical women in the temperance movement, went into saloons and hit liquor barrels with a hatchet