A2 Unit 4.3 & 4.5 Alcohols and Phenols & Carboxylic acids and their derivatives

MAKING ALCOHOLS - Fermentation & From Alkenes

Fermentation v Addition Reaction

Making Alcohols from Halogenoalkanes

Reflux

Making Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds

(Practice questions on pg. 6)

Converting Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds

Esterification

Esters are sweet smelling.

Converting Alcohols with Ethanoyl Chloride to give esters

Esterification v Ethanoylation

Boiling Points

Solubility

Converting Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides to give Halogenoalkanes

(Complete questions on pg. 10)

Alcohols Practical

Hydroxy compounds (alcohols) i.e propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol etc. have an articulate solvent/ chemical scent and are colourless/ antiseptic.

They are soluble in water (forms one layer). They are all highly flammable - longer chain fuels release more energy and burn for longer (more bonds broken).

As the chain length increases, solubility increases - greater number of VDW forces. Hydrogen bonds due to polar OH group are less significant/ VDW have greater influence over inter-molecular forces