Cells

Cell

Basic unit of life

Robert Hooke

1665

Invented microscope. First to see cells using cork

Cell Theory

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Eukaryote

Cells which contain membrane bound organelles and a developed nucleus

Cell Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer that protects the inside of a cell

Organelle

Parts of the cells that perform specific functions

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

Golgi body

A structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

Lysomes

Contain digestive enzymes, removes waste and foreign material from the cell

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Cytoplasm

the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.

Cell wall

the rigid outer layer of a plant cell that protects the cell and gives it shape; made of cellulose

centriole

Used during mitosis in animal cells; creates spindle fibers that pull apart chromosomes

tissue

Made of similar cells (ex: muscle or skin)

Organ

Made of similar tissues; performs a specific function (ex: heart, lungs)

Organ system

Made of organs working together (ex: Circulatory system, Respiratory system