Properties of matter

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass

What is the equivalent of occupies space?

Volume

What is mass?

Measure of the amount of matter in a substance

What is the building block of the universe?

Matter

What is ex nihilo?

Out of nothing

What is the equivalent of properties

Characteristics

What do properties help us do?

Distinguish between different types of matter

What are physical properties?

Characteristics that are measured or observed without changing the composition of the material

What are examples of physical properties?

Color, shape, texture, physical state, odor, taste

What are some common physical properties?

Malleability, ductility, conductivity, solubility, density

What is malleability?

It can be hammered into shaped or thin sheets

What is ductility?

It can be drawn into long, thin wires

What is conductivity?

It has the ability to transfer heat or electricity between particles

What is solubility?

It has the ability to dissolve into another substance

What is density?

The amount of matter packed into a certain volume

What is the density ratio?

Mass to volume

D=m/V

How to we determine the mass of a substance?

Use a balance

What are the unit of mass used most often?

Grams (g)

How do we determine the volume of a substance?

Depends on the substance

How is volume measured?

Graduated cylinder

What unit is volume most often measured by?

Milliliters (mL)

The volume of a solid rectangular object or crude is measured with what?

Ruler

How is volume calculated?

V=l x w x h

Length times width times height

What are the most often used for solids?

Cubic centimeters (cm cubed)

What does 1 cm cubed equal?

1 cm cubed= 1 mL

How do we determine the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

Water displacement

What do chemical properties describe?

Describe how matter acts in the presence of another material or hot it changes composition when enough energy is added

What are some things that are observed during a reaction?

Reactivity, flammability, and toxicity

What is physical change?

Occurs without changing the identity of the material

What does physical change include?

Phase change, changes in shape or size, and dissolving

What is chemical change?

Changes in the identity of the material; causes a new substance to form

What is chemical change equivalent to?

Chemical reaction

What are some things included in chemical change?

Rusting, combustion/burning, digestion, and rotting

What is some evidence of chemical reaction?

Color change, formation or disappearance of a solid, formation of a gas /fizzing, bubbling, energy change

What is an energy change?

Heat gain or loss and if it produces light

Pure substance is made of what type of matter?

One type of matter

How can you break down a pure substance?

Using a chemical change- not a physical

What are the 2 types of pure substance?

Elements and compounds

What is an element?

A substance made of only 1 kind of atom

Can elements be broken down into a simpler substance?

No

What are some examples of an element?

Iron, gold, nitrogen calcium

What is a compound?

A substance made of 2 or more different elements chemically combined

What are some examples of a compound?

Water, glucose, sodium chloride

What is a mixture?

A material that can be separated into 2 or more pure substance by physical changes

How is a mixture combined?

The components of a mixture are not chemically combined but physically combined

What are the 2 types of mixtures?

Heterogeneous and homogeneous

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

2 or more substances separated into distinct regions or phases

How are particles distributed in a mixture?

Unevenly distributed

What are some examples of a mixture?

Oil and vinegar dressing, granite, chocolate chip cookie

What is a homogeneous mixture?

2 or more substances in a single phase

How are particle distributed in a homogeneous mixture?

Particles are evenly distributed

What is a synonym for a homogeneous mixture?

Solutions

What are some examples of a homogeneous mixture?

Air, saltwater, bronze

Sine the components of a mixture aren’t chemically combined they cant be separated using what process?

Physical process

What are the methods to separate a mixture?

Filtration, evaporation, distillation, chromatography and decantation

What is filtration?

Separation of solid particles from a liquid or gas by passsing the mixture through a filter- heterogeneous

What is evaporation?

Heating a mixture to remove the liquid components and leave behind solid components- both heterogeneous and homogeneous

What is distillation?

Heating a mixture of liquids to separate them based on their different boiling points

What is chromatography?

Separation pf mixture components based on their attraction to a stationary phase ad a mobile phase

What is decantation?

Separation of a mixture by pouring off a less dense material off the top of a more dense material