Bio 1-4 Flashcards

Anatomy and physiology

Anatomy

Studies the structure (heart, lungs, kidney, brain) THE WHAT

Physiology

Studies the function (muscle contracts, blood gets oxegenated) THE WHY

Pathophysiology

Studies disease states of the body (HBP, Diabetes, COPD)

Negative feedback

Main ways to regulate homeostasis

Levels of Organization

Atoms

Molecules

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Organ System

Organism

Atoms

H O C Na+ K+ Ca2+

Smallest structure in the body

Has 3 subtonic particles

Examples of Molecules

H20(water)

O2(oxogen)

CO2(Carbon dioxide)

C6H12O6 (Glucose)

What are cells?

Bone

Nerve

Skin

Muscle

Types of Tissues

Epithelial

Connective

Muscle

Nervous

Organs

Heart

Lungs

Kidney

Brain

Organ system

Cardio Vascular, Raspatory

Organism

Human

Distal

Away from point of attachment

Proximal

Towards point of attachment

Lateral

Away from midline

Centra/Peripheral

Center (away from center)

Superficial

Towards the surface

Deep

Away from the surface

Sagittal Plane

Divides body into unequal left and right

Mid sagittal

divides body into equal right and left

Frontal ( CORONAL) Plane

Divides body front and back

Transverse Plane

Divides body into Top and Bottom

What’s in the thoracic cavity?

Mediastinum (Heart)

Pleural (Lungs)

What divides the THORACIC cavity from the ABDOMINOPELVIC cavity?

Diaphragm

Proton

Positive Charge

Found in nucleus

Neutrons

Found in nucleus

Neutral charge

Electrons

Found Orbiting the nucleus

-charge

Elements

Each element must have the same # of protons

What are examples of elements ?

Hydrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

Sodium

Potassium

How are IONS formed

When they are gained or lost by an atom

Where do IONS come from ?

Electrolytes (or Salts)

CATions charge

Positive

ANions charge

Negative

What happens when an electrolyte dissolves in water?

Electtolyte separates into CATion(+) and ANion(-)

Bonds

Connection between two atoms (to build molecule)

Covalent Bonds

share electrons

do not break in water

Ionic Bonds

STRIP ELECTRONS

held by opposite charges

will break up in water

WEAK bond

What’s a molecule

Contains 2 or more atoms

What’s a compound molecule

Has 2 or more different elements

Where does oxygen come from ?

From lungs transported by Red blood cell

Chemical substances that speed up reactions

Catalysts

Proteins in the body that speed up reactions

Enzymes

What are the 4 forms of energy ?

Mechanical

Chemical

Electrical

Thermal

THERMAL (energy)

Body temp

ELECTRICLE (energy)

Nervous System

CHEMICAL (energy)

ATP

MECHANICAL (energy)

walking, running, muscle, contraction

Solute

Dissolvable (Salt)

Solvent

Does the dissolving (water)

Precipitate

a solid that forms out of a solution

3 Precipitates that occur in the body

Kidney stones

Gall stones

Thrombus (blood clot)

Acid

Donates H+

Base (alkaline)

Combines H+

What happens if a Acid and Base combine ?

They naturalize

Normal PH range

7.35 - 7.45

What do organic macromolecules contain ?

Carbon

Oxygen

Hydrogen

four kinds of macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrates use

Used for energy

mainly used for energy

Monosaccharides

1 unit of sugar

Glucose

Fructose

Glactose

Deoxyribose

Ribose

Combining 2 monosaccharides make ?

Disaccharides ( 2 units of sugar)

Sucrose (glucose + Fructose)

Lactose (glucose + galactose)

Maltose (glucose + glucose)

Combining MANY monosaccharides together makes?

Polysaccharides

Building blocks of Lipids

Fatty acids and cholesterol