GEN SCI REVIEWER

physics

is the branch of science

importance of physics

physics is fundamental to understanding our daily lives

transportation

governing motion and forces, are essential for understanding how vehicles work

communication

technologies like smartphones, internet, and email, reply on physics

medical technology

medical diagnostic tools

energy and power

explained how energy is generated, transferred, and used in various forms

medical applications

used in medical treatments

technology innovation

provide the foundation for many technologies we use daily

understanding the world

physics helps us understand the natural world

physics in household activities

cooking: heat transfers (conduction, convection)

refrigerator: thermodynamics

laundry: centripetal force in spin cycle

lighting: electric circuit and optics

physics in health and safety

x-rays, MRI: use of electromagnetic waves

helmets and airbag: impact and momentum

smoke alarm: radioactivity materials and circuits

physics in work productivity

power tools: torque and mechanics

air conditioning: thermodynamics

office lighting: energy-efficient

physics in leisure and recreation

bicycling and sports: forces and motion

music: sound waves and resonance

mobile phones and tv’s: electromagnetic waves

rectilinear motion

when a body in translatory motion moves in a straight line

curvilinear motion

describes the movement of a body in translatory motion along a curve path

displacement

the distance that an object moves from it’s original position after a certain amount of time

average velocity

describes how fast an object moves and equals the rate at which position changes overtime

accelerated linear motion

when an objects acceleration is constant

angular displacement

refers to the change between objects initial and final angular motion

average angular displacement

the time rate of change of angular velocity

linear motion

movement in a straight line from one place to another

displacement

how far you move straight ahead

velocity

how fast and which direction you move

acceleration

how your speed changes while moving

angular motion

movement by turning or spinning around a fixed point

angular displacement

how much you rotate or turn

angular velocity

how fast you’re spinning

angular acceleration

how your spinning speed changes

angular displacement

measures the angle through which an object rotates

simple machine

a basic mechanical device that changes the amount or direction of force

lever

a rigid bar that rotates around a pivot

wheel and axle

a wheel is attached to a smaller axle

pulley

wheel with a tope or cable used to lift loads

inclined plane

a flat surface set at an angle to raise or lower objects

wedge

made of two inclined planes

screw

an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

mechanical advantage

shows how much a machine multiplies force

output force

useful work or energy produced by a machine to perform a task

input force

work or energy applied to a machine by the user

compound machine

combines two or more simple machine

translational motion

movement in a straight line

rotational motion

movement around an axis

machine efficiency

tells us how well a machine converts the energy we put in (input work) into useful work (output work)

hydraulic

branch of science concerned with the practical applications of fluids

french scientists philosopher

blaise pascal

swiss scientist

daniel bernoulli

hydraulic system

vital in machines like car brakes, hydraulic lifts and heavy machinery

power input device (PUMP)

responsible for the generating hydraulic power

control devices (VALVES)

regulate the direction, pressure, and flow rate of the hydraulic fluid

power output device (ACTUATORS)

convert hydraulic energy back to mechanical motion

conductors (PIPES, TUBING, OR HORSES)

components transport fluid through system

hydraulic fluid (LIQUID MEDIUM)

serves as the medium for energy transfer

density

fundamental property equal to the mass divided by the unit of volume

pressure

how force is applied per unit area (p=F/A) with the unit N/m2 or pascal (Pa)

pressure in fluids

increases with depth the deeper you go underwater the greater the pressure become

buoyancy

upward force that the fluid exerts an object immersed in it

archimedes principle

states that any object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force

bernoulli’s principle

states that for ready flow of an incompressible

fluid dynamics

is a motion can behave smoothly

pascal’s principle

explains pressure transmission in confined fluid

archimede’s principle

explains buoyant forces in static fluids