AMACE BT1-Paints and Coatings (copy)

Paints, stains and varnishes

serve the purpose of

protecting surfaces to which it is applied to provide or

enhance its beauty. Each of these and their

respective types may have different preparation and

application methods and the performance of the

coating may fail if these are not complied with.

Paint

is the solution of a pigment in water, oil, or

organic solvent, used to cover wood or metal articles

either for protection or for appearance.

Architectural Paints

air-drying materials applied

by brush or spray to architectural and structural

surfaces and forms for decorative and protective

purposes

Commercial Paints

air-drying or baking-cured

materials applied by brush, spray, or magnetic

agglomeration to kitchen and laundry appliances,

automobile, machinery and furniture and used as

highway marking materials

Industrial Paints

used as corrosion-resistant

coatings and high temperature coating

Pigment

gives the paint a color, but also plays a

role in its consistency, ease or application, drying

ability, durability and hardness

Vehicle

a liquid in which pigment is dispersed

before being applied to a surface in order to

control consistency, adhesion, gloss and

durability

Binder

makes the coat of paint retain its

structure. and bonds it to the surface to which it is

applied

Solvent

dissolves the paint to make it usable

and workable at normal room temperatures

Primer

are basecoats applied to a surface to

improve the adhesion of subsequent coats of

paint or varnish

Sealer

are basecoats applied to a surface to

reduce absorption of subsequent coats of paint or

varnish or to prevent bleeding through the finish

coat

Oil paints

utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and

hardens to form a tough elastic film when

exposed to thin layer of air

Alkyd paints

have as a blinder an alkyd resin,

such as chemically modified soy or linseed oil

Latex paints

a binder and acrylic resin that

coalesces as water evaporates from the emulsion

Epoxy paints

have an epoxy resin as a binder

for increased resistance to corrosion, abrasion

and chemicals.

Fire-retardant paints

especially formulated with

silicone and polyvinyl chloride or other substance

to reduce the spread of flame of a combustible

material.

Heat-resistant paints

specially formulated with

silicone resins to withstand high temperatures

Intumescent coatings

swells to form a thick

insulating layer of inert foam when exposed to

heat or fire that retards flame spread and

combustion

Blistering

bubbles resulting from localized loss

of adhesion and lifting of the paint film from the

underlying surface

Blocking

undesirable sticking together of two

painted surfaces when pressed together (e.g., a

door sticking to the jamb)

Burnishing

increase in gloss or sheen of paint

film when subjected to rubbing, scrubbing or

having an object brush up against it.

Cracking/ Flaking

splitting of a dry paint film

through at least one coat as a result of aging,

which ultimately will lead to complete failure of

the paint. In Its early stages, the problem appears

as hairline cracks; In Its later stages, flaking

occurs.

Foaming/ Cratering

formation of bubbles and resulting small, round concave

depressions when bubbles break in a

paint film, during paint application and drying

Lapping

appearance of a denser color or

increased gloss where wet and dry layers overlap

during paint application.

Mildew

black, grey or brown spots or areas on

the surface of paint or caulk.

Mud Cracking

deep, irregular crack resembling

dried mud in dry paint film.

Sagging

downward "drooping" movement of the

paint film immediately after application, resulting

in a uneven coating.

Surfactant leaching

concentration of water-

soluble ingredients on the surface of a latex

paint, typically on a ceiling surface in rooms that

have high humidity (e.g., shower, bathroom,

kitchen); may be evident as tan or brown spots or

areas, and can sometimes be glossy, soapy or

sticky.

Wrinkling

a rough, crinkled paint surface, which

occurs when uncured paint forms a "skin."

Poor print resistance

tendency of paint film to

take on the imprint of an object that is placed on

it (e.g., a shelf, table, window sill or countertop

with books, dishes and other objects of them).

Alligatoring

patterned cracking in the surface of

the paint film resembling the regular scales of an

alligator.

Chalking

formation of fine powder on the

surface of the paint film during weathering, which

can cause color fading. Although some degree of

chalking is a normal, desirable way for a paint

film to wear, excessive film erosion can result in

heavy chalking.

Dirt Pickup

accumulation of dirt, dust particles

and/or other debris on the paint film; may

resemble mildew.

Efflorescence/Mottling

crusty, white salt

deposits, leached from mortar or masonry as

water passes through it.

Frosting

a white, salt-like substance on the paint

surface. It can occur on any paint color,

but It is less noticeable on white paint or light

tints. On masonry, It can be mistakes for

efflorescence

Paint incompatibility

loss of adhesion where

many old coats of alkyd or oil-based paint

received a latex top coat.

Peeling

loss of paint due to poor adhesion.

Poor alkali resistance

color loss and overall

determination of paint film on fresh masonry.

Poor galvanized metal adhesion

paint that has

lost its adhesion to a galvanized metal substrate.

Poor gloss retention

deterioration of the paint

film, resulting in excessive or rapid loss of luster

of the top coat.

Vinyl siding warp

warping or buckling of vinyl

siding panels that have been repainted.

Wrinkling

a rough, crinkled paint surface

occurring when paint forms "skin”.

Stain

is a solution of dye or suspension of pigment in

a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color a wood

surface without obscuring the grain.

Water Stain

a penetrating stain made by

dissolving dye 1n a water vehicle.

Spirit Stain

A penetrating stain made by

dissolving dye in an alcohol or spirit vehicle.

Pigmented Stain

Also called opaque stain; an

oil stain containing pigments capable of

obscuring the grain and texture of a wood surface

Oil Stain

Made by dissolving dye or suspending

pigment in a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle.

Varnish

is a liquid preparation of a resin dissolved in

oil or in alcohol that when spread and allowed to dry,

forms a hard, lustrous and transparent coating.

Alkyd varnish

is the standard all-purpose interior

variety with decent protective qualities

Spar varnish

or marine varnish; it is a durable.

Weather-resistant varnish rnade from durable

resins and linseed or tung oil

Polyurethane varnish

varnish of exceptionally

hard, abrasion and chemical-resistant varnish

made from plastic resin

Lacquer varnish

Refers to any of various clear

or colored synthetic coatings of nitrocellulose or

other cellulose derivative dissolved in a solvent

that dries by evaporation to form a high gloss

film; has moderate water resistance, but it’s

sensitive to heat and certain solvents

Shellac varnish

spirit varnish made by

dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol