who used the first antiseptic
joseph lister 1865
by the late 1800s most orations used the aseptic method
who discovered the x ray
wilhelm Roentgen in 1895
problems with the early x-ray
radiation was not understood so patients could suffer burns or hair loss
used glass and could be easily broken
took abt 90 mins leading to dangerous levels of radiation
difficult to move around due to size
what are some aseptic methods
surgeons washed hands face and arms
rubber gloves
surgical tools sterilized
who carried out the first blood transudation
james blundell 1818
performed 10 transfutions 5 of which were successful
problem with original blood transfusion method
Early transfusions used unmodified whole blood, which often caused severe reactions and even death.
Blood typing and cross-matching were not yet understood, leading to incompatible transfusions.
Lack of anticoagulants and proper storage methods also contributed to the failure of early transfusions
who discovered blood types
karl landsteiner 1901