analgesics and anesthetics

pharm exam 1

types of opiods

Mu

Delta

Kappa

“Mu” type of opioid receptors

cause feelings of euphoria and analgesic response

affect RR and GI motility by slowing

example: oxycodone\

can casue dependence and will built tolerance to

Delta

anesthetic

maybe some RR changes

kappa

sedation

potential for hallucinations

opioids cardiovascular side effects

hypotension

flushing (sudden redness of skin)

bradycardia

CNS opioid effect

sedation disorientation euphoria lightheadedness dysphoria

gastrointentional side effects from opioids

biliary tract spasm

n/v

constipation

integumentary opioid side effects

itching

rash

wheal formation

naltrexone

prevent relapse

PO or IM

prescription or office visit

onset roughly one hour

duration of 24 to 36 hrs

need to be 7 days free of opioids to start

buprenorphine

treatment for opioid use dx

agonist-antagonist

IV, IM, SL, PO, buccal, transdermal

prescribed by accredited physicians

may be combined with naloxone

methadone

agonist

PO, IV, IM, SQ

dispensed from licensed clinic

tramadol

weak mu opioid receptor activity

inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake

adverse effects simular to opioids

acetaminophen

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

acts on hypothalamus

combined with many other medications

overdose leads to hepatotoxicity

nitrous oxide

inhaled gas

dental procedures and labor

laughing gas

loss of memory

somewhat awake

sevoflurane

inhaled volatile anesthetics

surgery

propofol

IV

surgery or sedation

ketamine

IV, IM, subqut

surgery, setting bones, PTSD

bronchodilator

Dexmedetomidine

IV

short surgeries and sedation

alcohol withdrawal

general anesthesia medication

nitrous oxide

sevolflurane

propofol

ketamine

dexmedetomidine

malignant hyperthermia

TEEM SHADE

temperature

elevated HR

muscle rigidity

stop

heat control

activated charcoal

dantrolene

electrolytes

moderate sedation

still conscious

relaxed state for procedures

example is colonoscopy

close monitoring

amnesia possible

meds used

short-acting benzodiazepine (midazolam) plus opioid

propofol

local anesthesia types

central and peripheral

same meds just different ways of administering

central anesthesia

intrathecal

epidural

common complication:

spinal headache

peripheral anesthesia

infiltration

nerve block

topical

like for root canal

lidocaine

peripheral local anesthesia

injection or topical

IV for cardiac dysrhythmias

adjuvant (adjunct) meds

analgesia

• NSAIDS

• antidepressants

• anticonvulsants

• corticosteroids

• antiemetics

adjuvant (adjunct) meds

anesthesia

• neuromuscular blockers

• anxiolytics

• antiemetics

• analgesics

• analgesics

• antihistamines