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Guggenheim Bilboa Museo
1997
Bilboa, Spain
Frank Gehry
Titanium, glass, and limestone
Gehry developed his design using CATIA CAD program
The building resembles a boat, referencing Bibloa’s past as a shipping and commercial center
It was a part of an urban renewal program
An aging port and industrial center, the city entered a period of significant decline during the 1980’s
MAXXI National Museum of XXI Central Arts
2009
Rome, Italy
Zaha Hadid
Iraqui-born, British-based architect
Glass, steel, and cement
Internal spaces covered by glass roof
Walls flow and melt into one another, creating new and dynamic interior spaces
The Gates
2005
New York City
Christo and Jean-Claude
Mixed media installation
7,503 “gates” of free-standing saffron colored fabric panels
16 foot tall gates formed a continuous river of color
Covered 23 miles of footpaths
Framed all the pathways in Central Park, New York City
Temporary installation; left for sixteen days
After the exhibition closed, the materials were recycled
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
1982
Washington D.C.
Maya Lin
Ohio-born Chinese American
Black granite
Black granite as a highly reflective surface so the viewers can see themselves in the names of the veterans
V-shaped monument cut into the earth with 60,000 casualties of the Vietnam War listed in the order they were killed or reported missing
One arm of the monument points to the Lincoln Memorial, the other to the Washington Monument
Strongly influenced by the Minimalist movement
Horn Players
Basquiat
Brooklyn-born and was raised in middle-class comfort, but rebelled by quittiing high school and leaving home to become a street artist
He covered the walls of lower Manhattan with short and witty philosophical texts signed with the tag “SAMO” (Same Old Sh**)
He said that he wanted to make “paintings that look as if they were made by a child”
He began his career as a graffiti artist when he was 17
He was invited to participate in the Times Square Show in June of 1980
Economic prosperity fueled a booming art market as the number of New galleries soared from 73 to 1970 to 450 in 1985
His paintings expressed a vibrant artistic spirit
Summer Trees
1983
British Museum, London
Song Su-nam
Ink on paper
To choose the medium of ink on paper was important for the artist, a leader of Korea’s “Sumukhwa” or Oriental Ink Movement of the 1980s
Sumukhwa is the Korean pronunciation of the Chinese word for “ink wash painting” also called “literati painting”
Sumukhwa provided Song and his circle with a way to express Korean identity
His interest in abstraction and the formal properties of ink has led some art historians to attribute the inspiration for his work to that of the American artists like that of Morris Louis
May reference a traditional theme: a group of Pine trees can symbolize a gathering of friends of upright character
Androgyn III
1985
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Magdalena Abakanowicz
Burlap, resin, wood, nails, and string
Contrast between solids and voids
Abakanowicz draws on her personal history, but her sculptures possess an ambiguity that encourages multiple interpretations that speak broadly to human experience
Alludes to the brutality of war and the totalitarian state
The body is a husk without arms, legs, or a head
It is an expression of suffering, borth mournful and disturbing
Sexual characertistcs are minimized to increase the universality of the figure, hence the title Androgyne or an androgynous figure, one that is neither male nor female
A Book from the Sky
1987-1991
Madison, Wisconsin
Xu Bing
Chinese born artist- US resident
Installation
400 handmade books placed in rows on the ground
Uses traditional Asian wood block techniques
Many of the Chinese characters are inventions of the artist a
Pink Panther
1988
Museum of Modern Art, New York
Jeff Koons
Pennsylvania-born artist
Glazed porcelain
Kitsch
Something of low quality that appeals to popular taste
Work exists as a commentary on celebrity; romance, sexuality, commercialism, stereotypes, pop culture, sentimentality
Artificially idealized female form
Tender delicacy of the panther’s gesture
More than 3 ft tall made of porcelain, a material more commonly used as a knick-knack than sculpture
Untitled #228
1990
Santa Monica, California
Cindy Sherman
Photograph
From the History Portraits series
Dancing at the Louvre
1991
Faith Ringgold
From the series: The French Collection
Acrylic on canvas with fabric borders
Gifts for Trading Land with White People
Native American symbols
Oil and mixed media
Earth’s Creation
1994
Australia
Emily Kame Kngwarreye
Australian aborigine artist
Synthetic polymer, paint on canvas
Stimulates the color and lushness of the “green time” in Australia after the rains when the outback (the vast, remote, interior of Australia) flourishes
Four panels, eleven meters wide (around 36 ft)
Patches of bold yellows, greens, reds, and blues seem to bloom like lush vegetables over the large canvas
She painted, seated on (or beside) and intimately connected to her art
Rebellious Silence
1994
New York
Shirin Neshat
Iranian-born artist, raised in the United States
Photo by Cynthia Preston
Ink on photograph
From the “Woman of Allah” series
Chador
A type of outer garment → only face/hands exposed → keeps women’s bodies from being seen as sexual objects
Poem on face written in Farsi, the Persian language; poem expresses piety
Black and white photograph
Poem by Iranian woman who writes poetry on gender issues
Gun divides body into lighter and darker sides → adds ominous tension to the work
Image of obedient right-minded woman ready to die for faith or an expression of female opression
Neshat explores how Iranian women are stereotyped in the West, claiming that their Islamic identities are more varied and complex than is frequently perceived
Although the woman wears a chador, she looks directly and defiantly out of the photograph at us, meeting and returning our gaze
Neshat confronts our prejudice while also raising questions about the position of women in contemporary Iran
En La Barberia no se Llora
No crying allowed in the barbershop
1994
Pepon Osorio
Puerto Rican born artist living in New York
Mixed media installation
Large installation recreating the center of Latino male culture: the barbershop
Challenges the viewer to question issues of identity, masculinity, culture, and attitudes
Video screens on the headrests depict men playing, a baby being circumcised, and men crying
Corned Beef
2000
Michel Tuffrey
Mixed Media
Canned corned beef is a processed food high in saturated fat, salt, and cholesterol
These are all things that contrubute to disproportionately high incidences of diabetes and disease in Pacific island populations
Also criqtiques serious issues of ecological health and food
Tuffery is interested in the introduction of cattle to New Zealand and the Pacific and how they impact negatively on the plants, landscapes, and waterways of these countries
Theme of recycling is emphasized
Electronic Superhighway
1995
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Naume June Paik
Korean-born artist who lived in New York City
Mixed Media
Neon Lighting outlines the fifty states (Alaska and Hawaii are on the sides)
Neon lights symbolizes motel and restaurant signs
Each state has a separate video feed (313 monitors)
A camera is turned on the spectator and its TV feed appears in the monitors for New York state; turns the spectator into a participant of the artwork
Generally described as celebrating the fact that the electronic superhighway allows us to communicate with and understand each other across traditional boundaries, this particular work can also be read as posing some difficult questions about how that technology is impacting culture
The Crossing
1996
Bill Viola
Video and sound installation
Room-sized installation that comprises a large two-sided screen onto which a pair of video sequences is simultaneously projected
One possible meaning can be purification and destruction
In terms of religion, it evokes eastern and western spiritual traditions: zen Buddhism, Islamic suffism, Christianity, etc.
Pure Land
1998
Los Angeles, California
Mariko Mori
Color photograph on glass
Artist uses a creative interpretation of traditional Japanese art forms > animated figures of aliens play musical instruments on clouds
Mori herself is in the guise of a deity (the essence of beauty and the harbinger of prosperity and happiness)
Jewel symbolizes Buddha’s universal mind
By taking on this ancient person, Mori dissolves her own identity and is transformed into the elegant Tang lady and goddes of fortune, while simultaneously performing the welcoming role of Amida Buddha.
The artist seeks to lead the viewer into her immersive paradise. In both formats, the multi-sensory video Nirvana and pure visual Pure Land photograph, the message is clear: enlightenment is for all
Lying with the Wolf
Darkytown Rebellion
2001
Luxembourg
Kara Walker
California-born, New York based, African American artist
Cut paper and projection on wall
Installation; A brilliant pattern of colors washdes over a wall full of silhouettes and enacting a dramatic rebellion, giving the viewer the unforgettable experience of stepping into a work of art
The ensemble, made up of over a dozen characters, plays out a nightmarisg scene on a single plane:
One figure stands upright over his severed limb
A teenager holds a flag that resembles a colonial ship sale
A woman with a bonnet and voluminous hoop skirt may be attacking a smaller figure on its back, perhaps a crying baby
The Swing
2001
London
Yinka Shonibare
British born but of Nigerian descent
Mixed Media
Life-size headless mannequin
Dress is made of African print fabric
Headless figure: guillotined by the French Revolution
Most likely a reference to the use of the guillotine during the Reign of Terror in the 1790s, when members of the French aristocracy were publicly beheaded
Shonibare invites us to also consider the increasing disparity between economic classes today, especiall alongside the growing culture of paranoia, terror, and xenophobia in global politics since 9/11
Used dutch wax originated in Indonesia and manufactured in England and Holland
Old Man’s Cloth
2003
El Anatsui
An African artist whose career was forged during the utopia of mid-century African independence movements, his work has always engaged his region’s history and culture
Aluminum liquor bottle caps and copper wire
The bottle caps, for Anatsui signify a fraught history of trade between Africa and Europe
Colors represent colors of Nigeria and Ghana
Anatsui’s choice of discarded liquor bottle caps as a medium has as much to do with their formal properties as with their historical associations
Stadia II
2004
Pittsburgh
Julie Mehretu
Ink and acrylic on canvas
Preying Mantra
2006
Brooklyn, New York
Wangechi Mutu
Mixed media on mylar
Shibboleth
2007-2008
London
Doris Salcedo
Columbian
Installation
Shibboleth is used to identify foreigners or people of another class-to exclude people from joining a group
The crack represents the gap in relationships, a reminder of gaps and spaces
Reference to racism, colonialism, exclusion
Sunflower Seeds
2010-2011
London
Ai Weiwei
Chinese artist and activist
Installation containing millions of individually handcrafted ceramic pieces resembling sunflower seeds
They symbolically represent an ocean of fathomless depth; each seed is made in Jingdezhen, a city known for its porcelain production in Imperial China
600 artisans worked for two years, each seed hand-painted
Sunflower seeds were eaten as a source of food during the famine under Mao Ze Dong
Ideology of Chairman Mao: he was the sun, his followers were the seeds
Originally you could walk on the installation, but it raised harmful ceramic dust; viewing was then limited to the sidelines
Although the seeds appear the same from a distance, each one is individually handcrafted, representing the conformity and censorship in China.
Deconstructive architecture
Emerged in the 1990’s
Architects deliberately disturb traditional architectural assumptions about harmony, unity, and stability to create decentered, skewed, and distorted designs
Triptych
Assemblage
Earthwork
A large outdoor work in which the earth itself is the medium
Installation
Kitsch
Something of low quality that appeals to popular taste
Identify two works that use new media and discuss how new media creates a new
way to express artistic ideas
electronic superhighway
old mans cloth
Identify two works that portrays the artists’ personal take on culture identity
no crying in barber shop
shibboleth
Identify two works where the artist uses unconventional materials
old man’s cloth
corned beef
Which two artists clearly show influences of past famous artists or artwork?
basquiat - picasso
shonibare - the swing fragonard
Identify two installations that relate to one another
xu bing book from a sky
ai weiwei sunflower seeds
Identify two Contemporary Architectural buildings. How do they fit under
Contemporary Architecture?
maxxi national museum of xxi and guggenheim bilboa
Identify two artists who are passionate about defending the people of their
homeland
song su nam summer trees
faith ringgold
Identify two female artists who are similar in their artmaking process
cindy sherman and mariko mori