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Mexican-American War (1846-48)
A pivotal conflict fueled by expansionist desires and manifest destiny, lasting from 1846 to 1848.
Manifest Destiny
The belief that it was America’s God-given right to expand westward.
Texas Annexation
The U.S. annexed Texas in 1845, raising tensions with Mexico.
Boundary Dispute
Disagreement over Texas's southern border, with U.S. claiming the Rio Grande and Mexico the Nueces River.
Election of 1844
James K. Polk (Democrat) defeated Henry Clay (Whig), largely over the issue of Texas annexation.
President Polk's Agenda
Included lowering tariffs, restoring the independent treasury, resolving the Oregon dispute, and seeking California acquisition.
Disputed Border (June 1845)
Polk ordered U.S. troops to the contested areas along the Texas border.
John Slidell
Sent to negotiate the purchase of California and New Mexico for $30 million; negotiations failed.
Declaration of War (May 1846)
Polk claimed American blood was shed on American soil, leading Congress to declare war on Mexico.
Northern Opposition to the War
Many abolitionists opposed the war, fearing expansion of slavery into new territories.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Concluded the war, established the Rio Grande as Texas's border, and expanded U.S. territory.
Provisions of the Treaty
Included U.S. payment of $15 million to Mexico and assumption of debts owed to U.S. citizens.
Key Military Events
Included significant battles such as Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Siege of Veracruz.
Political Compromises
The treaty was approved through political compromises amidst Northern opposition.
Role of Federal Government
Exacerbated tensions between Northern and Southern states leading to Civil War.
