Chapter 11: Cell Communications from Campbell Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts from Chapter 11 of Campbell Biology, focusing on cell communications, signal transduction, and related processes.

In Chapter 11.1, the concept of cell communication is introduced, emphasizing that cells communicate using __ signals instead of voices.

chemical

The mating types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are called the and types.

alpha; a

The signaling molecules that cells use to communicate with each other are commonly referred to as __.

ligands

Earl W. Sutherland studied the effects of __ on liver cells, particularly its role in the fight or flight response.

epinephrine

The three main stages of signal transduction as identified by Sutherland are: Reception, __, and Response.

Transduction

In 11.2, ligand receptors must be __ proteins to interact with water-soluble ligands.

membrane-bound

The first type of receptor that is often emphasized is called the __, which are the largest category of membrane-bound ligands.

GPCR (G protein-coupled receptors)

Receptor tyrosine kinases typically form __ when their ligand binding sites are activated.

dimers

A kinase, in the context of signal transduction, is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from __ to a substrate.

ATP

The __ cascade amplifies the signal within the cell after a ligand binds to a receptor.

phosphorylation

The second messenger we discussed in relation to GPCRs is __, formed from ATP by adenylate cyclase.

cyclic AMP

In the context of cell signaling, the final kinase activates an __ protein which leads to the cellular response.

effector

Apoptosis refers to __, a vital process during embryonic development that involves programmed cell death.

programmed cell death