DRRR | WW1 Reviewer

Hazard

a potentially damaging event or thing that may lead to the loss of life, injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, etc.

Types of Hazards

• Natural

• Human-induced

Natural Hazards

• geological

• hydrometeorologicial

• biological

Geologic Hazards

• Earthquakes

• Volcanoes

Earthquakes

• ground shaking

• ground-rupture

• liquefaction

• earthquake induced ground subsidence

• landslides

• tsunamis

Volcanoes

• lahar

• ashfall

• pyroclastic flow

• ballistic flow

• gases

• lava flow

Hydrometeorological Hazards

• tropical cyclones

• thunderstorm

• flash floods

• river and coastal flooding

• storm surge

• el niño

• la niña

Biological Hazard

a biological substances that pose a threat to health like medical waste, microorganisms, viruses, toxins

Human-induced Hazards

• Arson/Fire

• Industrial and Technological Accidents

• Chemical

• Terrorism

• Wars

• Pollution

Disaster

synonymous with “risk”, a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or destruction with unexpected timing

Elements of Disaster

• suddenness

• unexpectedness

• significant/adverse destruction

• lack of foresight/planning

Natural Disasters

this does not exist, but disasters usually follow natural hazards

Disaster Risk

the likelihood of the loss of life, injury, and destruction from a disaster in a period of time

Conditions for an event to be a disaster

• loss of life/injuries

• damages to/loss of property

• normal living is affected

• loss of income or economic opportunities

• environmental damage

Effects of Disaster

• displaced populations

• food scarcity

• emotional aftershocks

Displaced Populations After Disasters

due to the dangers of these disasters, people may be forced to seek shelter in other places or regions

Food Scarcity After Disasters

many go hungry due to destroyed crops, lost agricultural supplies, and rising prices, increasing the risk of malnutrition

Emotional Aftershocks After Disasters

due to the suddenness of the disaster, trauma for young children and PTSD may occur

Impacts of Disaster

• medical effects

• damage to critical facilities

• economic impact

• global environmental change

• social and political impact

Medical Effects of Disasters

injuries, emotional stress, epidemic diseases

Disruption of Transportation After Disaster

restricted vehicle mobility and impassable area

Economic Impact After Disaster

disrupted normal business operations and leaving of jobs to allow time for rehabilitation

Global Environmental Change After Disasters

evidence supports that human activity and disasters worsens global climate change

Social and Political Impact After Disasters

poor and developing countries are most affected by disasters

Levels of Disasters

1. Individual

2. Community (Local, National, Global)

Disaster Risk Reduction

• the systematic process of analyzing and reducing risk linked to natural and human-induced disasters

• mitigation measures are designed too minimize disaster-related losses

• tells us that the levels of mitigation capabilities and preparedness are related to level of its resources

• prevent or minimize the impact of disasters n lives, infrastructure, and the environment

• involves understanding the causes of disasters

Key Principles of DRR

1. Risk Assessment

2. Prevention and Mitigation

3. Preparedness

4. Resilience

5. Participation and Collaboration

6. Integrated Approach

7. Sustainable Development

Risk Assessment in DRR

DRR begins with a thorough assessments of risks, including hazards, vulnerabilities, and exposure.

Prevention and Mitigation in DRR

DRR focuses on preventing or mitigating the root causes of disasters

Preparedness in DRR

DRR emphasizes the importance of preparedness to respond effectively to disasters

Resilience in DRR

DRR aims to build this in communities and ecosystems as it enables entities to absorb shocks, adapt to changes, and recover quickly from disasters.

Participation and Collaboration in DRR

DRR recognizes the imporance of inolving all stakeholders in risk reduction efforts

Integrated Approach

DRR promotes an integrated approach that considers social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of risk.

Sustainable Development

DRR integrates risk reduction into development planning

Importance of DRR

• saving lives

• minimizing losses

• protecting infrastructure and assets

• ensuring sustainable development

• enhancing resilience

DRR before Disaster Risk

• building code revision and implementation

• hazard and vulnerability analysis

• zoning and land use management

• public awareness and education

• early warning system with forecasting and warning dissemination

Exposure

• the total value of elements at risk

• humans and their property

• ex: people, structures, infrastructures, economy, services, natural environment

• includes breadth and distance

• influenced by economic needs

Exposure and Disaster

exposure makes the disaster bigger

Exposure and Hazards

exposure can be affected by the duration of the disaster

Elements of Exposure

• physical

• economic

• environmental

• social

Physical Element of Exposure

people, property, and structures are exposed to hazards, located in urbanized areas

Economic Element of Exposure

jobs, livelihood, and sources of incomes are threatened by environmental destruction and damaged buildings and infrastructures

Environmental Element of Exposure

the environment can be affected by hazards, leading to loss of habitats and biodiversity

Social Element of Exposure

psychological well-being, social relationships, and social services (e.g. school and hospital operations) can be affected by the losses and damages sustained

Vulnerability

• the conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental processes or factors that increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards

• amplifies the hazard to become a disaster, meaning a hazard causes a disaster because of this

Elements of Vulnerability

• physical

• political

• economic

• social

• environmental

Physical Element of Vulnerability

• population density level

• age of population

• distribution of population

• remoteness of settlement

• site design

• infrastructure materials

Political Element of Vulnerability

• denial of access to quality education

• employment opportunities

• availability and access to resources

• access to infrastructure

• materials for infrastructure, basic services, and information

Economic Element of Vulnerability

• poverty

• lack of access to land and basic services

• economic status

• business interruption

• job loss

Social Element of Vulnerability

• social well-being

• levels of education

• literacy and training

• cultural beliefs

• traditional values

• morality

• inability of the elderly and disabled

• lack of resilience

• organization/system of good governance

• access to human rights

Environment Element of Vulnerability

• natural resource depletion

• resource degradation

• loss of habitats

Formula for Risk

Hazard x Vulnerability = Risk (while accounting for exposure and social factors)

Factors of Exposure

• severity/magnitude

• intensity/duration

• frequency

• historical and future trends

• impacts

• early warnings

Formula for Disaster

Hazard + Vulnerability = Disaster