AVIATION 2100 Final Exam

Should it become necessary to hand prop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot...

Be at the controls of the cockpit.

What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine?

Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.

What is one purpose for using reciprocating engines?

They are relatively simple and inexpensive to operate.

One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for...

Improved engine performance.

An electrical system failure (battery and alternator) occurs during flight. In this situation, you would...

Experience avionics equipment failure.

If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine...

Cannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position.

The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the...

Difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.

The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel / air mixture at attitude is to...

Decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.

While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?

The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.

During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action?

Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.

If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indication of carburetor ice would most likely be...

Loss of RPM.

The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting...

A decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.

Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?

Temperature between 20F and 70F and high humidity.

The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as...

High as 70F and the relative humidity is high.

Carburetor icing can occur with an OAT as high as...

20C and high relative humidity.

Applying carburetor heat will...

Enrich the fuel/air mixture.

What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburetor heat is applied?

The fuel/air mixture becomes richer.

Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to...

Decrease engine performance.

With regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be...

More susceptible to icing.

On an aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used?

In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.

If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause...

Detonation

[T] Detonation may occur at high-power settings when...

The fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.

[T] Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when...

The unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.

The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as...

Pre-ignition.

What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?

The next higher octane aviation gas.

Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will...

Prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.

To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick drain, it is necessary to drain fuel from the...

Fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps.

If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to...

Lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.

Excessively high engine temperatures will...

Cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.

Excessively high engine temperatures, either in the air or on the ground, will...

Cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.

If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with...

Too much power and the mixture set too lean.

Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges?

Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating. (Lower octane)

For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependent on...

The circulation of lubricating oil.

Which is true regarding preheating an aircraft during cold weather operations?

The cabin area as well as the engine should be preheated.

An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by...

The oil level being too low.

What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?

Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.

What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?

Enrichen the fuel mixture.

The most important rule to remember in the event of a power failure after becoming airborne is to...

Immediately establish the proper gliding altitude and airspeed.

How is engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?

The throttle controls power output as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.

What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller?

Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient engine performance.

A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to...

Avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.

In what flight conditions are torque effects more pronounced in a single-engine airplane?

Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.

The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the...

Propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.

When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?

When at high angles of attack.

During the preflight inspection who is responsible for determining the aircraft is safe for flight?

The pilot-in-command.

How should an aircraft preflight inspection be accomplished for the first flight of the day?

Thorough and systematic means recommended by the manufacturer.

Who is primarily responsible for maintaining an aircraft in airworthy condition?

Owner or operator.

Which instruments will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?

Airspeed

Which instruments will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged?

Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed.

If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be effected?

The altimeter , airspeed, and vertical speed indicator.

Which V-speed represents maneuvering speed?

VA

What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?

Never-exceed speed.

Which color identifies the never-exceed speed?

Red Radial Line

Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration?

Lower limit of the green arc.

Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance climb after takeoff?

VX

After takeoff, which airspeed would be the pilot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time?

VY

Which color identifies the normal flap operating range?

The white arc.

Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration?

The lower limit of the white arc.

What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?

Maneuvering speed.

Which V-speed represents maximum flap extended speed?

VFE

Which V-speed represents maximum landing gear extended speed?

VLE

VSO is defined as the

stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration.

If an altimeter setting is not available before flight, to which altitude should the pilot adjust the altimeter?

The elevation of the departure area.

At what altitude shall the altimeter be set to 29.92, when climbing to cruising flight level?

18,000 feet MSL

Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates

true altitude at field level.

How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter?

Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude.

What is true altitude?

The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.

Under what conditions will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude?

In colder than standard air temperature.

What is absolute altitude?

the vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface.

What is density altitude?

The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

What is pressure altitude?

The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92.

Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?

When at sea level under standard conditions.

If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs?

700-foot increase in indicated altitude

Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?

When standard atmospheric pressure conditions exist.

Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?

At standard temperature.

If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate

lower than the actual altitude above sea level.

If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate

higher than the actual altitude above sea level.

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude?

Air temperature warmer than standard.

How should a pilot determine the direction of bank form an altitude indicator?

By the relationship of the miniature airplane to the deflected horizon bar.

A turn coordinator provides an indication of

movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis.

To receive accurate indications during flight from a heading indicator, the instrument must be

periodically realigned with the magnetic compass as the gyro precesses.

Deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the

magnetic field within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force.

The angular difference between true north and magnetic north is

magnetic variation.

In the northern hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn towards the north if

an aircraft is accelerated on an east or west heading.

In the northern hemisphere, the magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when

the aircraft is decelerated while on an east-west heading.

What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the northern hemisphere?

The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.

In the northern hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the west if

a right turn is entered from a north heading.

During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate?

Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight.

Which instruments will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?

Airspeed

Which instruments will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged?

Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed.

If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments would be effected?

The altimeter , airspeed, and vertical speed indicator.

Which V-speed represents maneuvering speed?

VA

What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?

Never-exceed speed.

Which color identifies the never-exceed speed?

Red Radial Line

Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration?

Lower limit of the green arc.

Which would provide the greatest gain in altitude in the shortest distance climb after takeoff?

VX

After takeoff, which airspeed would be the pilot use to gain the most altitude in a given period of time?

VY

Which color identifies the normal flap operating range?

The white arc.

Which color identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration?

The lower limit of the white arc.

What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?

Maneuvering speed.