functional groups

alkane is a hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms, following the general formula CnH{2n+2}.

alkene is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond, following the general formula CnH{2n}.

alkyne is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, following the general formula CnH{2n-2}.

alcohol is a simple oxygen heteroatomic that contains one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups.

ether is a simple oxygen heteroatomic compound characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two R groups, typically following the general formula R-O-R'.

epoxide is a simple oxygen heteroatomic compound that contains a three-membered cyclic ether structure.

haloalkane is a halogen heteroatomic

aldehyde is a carbonyl compound

ketone is a carbonyl compound

carboxylic acid is a carbonyl compound

acid anhydride is a carbonyl compound

ester is a carbonyl compound

amide is a carbonyl compound

acyl halide is a carbonyl compound

amine is nitrogen-based, H can also be R, single bond

nitrile is nitrogen-based

imine is nitrogen-based, H can also be R

isocyanate is nitrogen-based

azo compound

thiol is sulfur-based

arene is aromatic