AP Lang Vocab

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45 Terms

1

Allegory

A narrative in which the characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrate multiple levels of meaning and significance. Often a universal symbol or a personified abstraction

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2

Alliteration

The sequential repetition of a similar initial sound, usually applied to consonants, usually in closely proximate stressed syllables

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3

Allusion

A literary, historical, religious, or mythological reference in a literary work

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4

Anaphora

The regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of a successive phrases or clauses

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5

Colloquial

A term identifying the diction of the common, ordinary folks, especially in a specific region or area

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6

Antithesis

The juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas

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7

Aphorism

A concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief

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8

Appeals to… authority, emotion, logic

Rhetorical arugments in which the speaker claims to be an authority or expert in a field, or attempts to play upon the emotions, or appeals to the use of reason

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9

Apostrophe

An address or invocation to something inanimate

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10

Assonance

The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually in successive or proximate words

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11

Asyndeton

A syntactical structure in which conjunctions are omitted in a series, usually producing more rapid prose

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12

Attitude

The sense expressed by the tone of voice or the mood of a piece of writing; authors feelings toward his or her subject, characters, events, or theme. It might even be his or her feelings for the reader

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13

Begging the question

An argumentative ploy where the arguer sidesteps the question or the conflict, evades or ignores the real question

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14

Canon

That which had been accepted as authentic

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15

Chiasmus

A figure of speech and generally a syntactical structure wherein the order of the terms in the first half of a parallel clause is reversed in the second

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16

conceit

A comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature, in particular an extended metaphor within a poem

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17

connotation

the implied, suggested, or underlying meaning of a word or phrase

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18

consonance

the repetition of two or more consonants with a change in intervening vowels

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19

critique

an assessment or analysis of something, such as a passage of writing, for determining what it is, what its limitations are, and how it conforms to the standard of the genre

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20

deductive reasoning

the method of argument in which specific statements and conclusions are drawn from general principles; movement from the general to the specific

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21

dialect

the language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group

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22

diction

the specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect

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23

didactic

writing or speech that has an instructive purpose or a lesson; often associated with a dry, pompous presentation

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24

elegy

a poem or prose that laments, or meditates upon the death of a person

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25

epistrophe

in rhetoric, the repetition of a phrase at the end of successive sentences

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26

epitaph

writing in praise of a dead person, most often inscribed upon a headstone

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27

ethos

in rhetoric, the appeal of a text to the credibilty and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator

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28

eulogy

a speech or written passage in praise of a person; an oration in honor of a deceased person

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29

euphemism

an indirect, kinder, or less harsh or hurtful way of expressing unpleasant information

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30

exposition

the interpretation or analysis of a text. Also, the opening section of a narrative or dramatic structure in which characters, setting, theme, and conflict can be revealed

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31

extended metaphor

a series of comparisons within a piece of writing. If they are consistently one concept, this is also know as a conceit.

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32

figurative language

language with levels of meaning expressed through figures of speech such as personification, metaphors, litote, etc

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33

flashback

an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronology of the narration

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34

genre

a type or class of literature, such as epic, narrative, poetry, biography, history

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35

homily

a sermon but more comtemporary uses include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual life

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36

hyperbole

overstatement characterized by exaggerated language, usually to make a point or draw attention

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37

imagery

any sensory detail or evocation in a work to evoke a feeling, to call to mind an idea, or to describe an object. Involves any or all of the five senses

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38

inductive reasoning

the method of reasoning or argument in which general statementsand conclusions are drawn from specfic principles: movement from the specfic to the general

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39

inference

a conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or some other specific data. Looking at the clues, learning the facts.

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40

irony

the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The intended meaning is often the opposite of what is stated, often suggesting light sarcasm.

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41

Isocolon

parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length

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42

jargon

specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group

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43

juxtaposition

the location of one thing adjacent to another to create an effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose

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44

litote

a figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by consious understatemnt

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45

loose sentence

a long sentence that starts with its main clause, which is followed by several dependent clauses and modifying phrases

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