Salmonella

Salmonella

Genus Enterobacteriaceae Gram-negative bacilli facultative anaerobic most species have peritrichous flagella

Salmonella species

Only TWO species S. enterica and S. bongori with >2500 serotypes

Salmonella cattle serovars

S. Dublin host specific and S. Typhimurium broad host range most common in cattle

Salmonella cattle susceptibility

Younger cattle more susceptible mostly neonates adults can be asymptomatic carriers that shed intermittently

Salmonella disease course

Can be acute or chronic

Salmonella cattle clinical signs neonates

High fevers diarrhea sometimes with blood pneumonia recumbency

Salmonella cattle clinical signs older

Pyrexia anorexia dehydration loss of milk production abortion

Salmonella transmission

Fecal oral ingestion contaminated water feed or feces persists in environment possible cross placental or respiratory herd stress significant factor

Salmonella diagnosis cattle

Culture from feces or aborted tissues serology ELISA agglutination necropsy yellow fibrin clots on gallbladder

Salmonella poultry reservoir

Many avian species carry salmonella important reservoir for human infection

Salmonella poultry host restricted

S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum high morbidity

Salmonella poultry non specific

Enteritidis and Typhimurium

S. Pullorum signalment

Chicks and turkey poults <3 weeks high mortality

S. Pullorum clinical signs

White pasty diarrhea huddling under lamps poor growth droopy wings swollen joints liver spleen lung lesions

S. Pullorum transmission

Vertical via ovaries to eggs fecal contamination litter feed water persists in litter

S. Pullorum diagnosis

Clinical signs agglutination test culture with biochemical speciation

S. Gallinarum disease

Fowl typhoid affects birds of any age

S. Gallinarum distribution

Worldwide but low incidence US Canada Western Europe Australia New Zealand

S. Gallinarum mortality

Acute outbreaks ~50% mortality

S. Gallinarum clinical signs adults

Pale dehydrated greenish yellow diarrhea poor growth depression poor egg production bronze swollen liver enlarged spleen sudden death

S. Gallinarum transmission

Vertical and fecal exposure

S. Gallinarum diagnosis

Clinical signs and culture with biochemical speciation

Salmonella pigs

S. Typhimurium causes diarrhea most common acute serovar S. Cholerasuis

Salmonella pigs signalment

Weaned pigs <6 months

Salmonella pigs clinical signs

Fever diarrhea enlarged spleen labored breathing cyanosis blue ears snout tail due to septicemia

Salmonella pigs transmission

Fecal contamination recovered animals carriers herd stress outbreaks

Salmonella pigs diagnosis

Fecal swabs false negatives systemic culture from blood lung spleen liver necropsy enlarged spleen fluid lungs

Salmonella other species

Infects any vertebrate symptoms enteric fever septicemia diarrhea asymptomatic carriers common

Salmonella sheep

Many serovars especially S. Typhimurium

Salmonella horses

S. Typhimurium Newport Heidelberg young primarily affected

Salmonella reptiles

Turtles iguanas significant sources

Salmonella dogs

Many serovars often healthy adults puppies primarily affected outbreaks linked to pig ear treats raw diets

Salmonella cats

Associated with eating prey

Salmonella treatment control

Limited treatment high cost low efficacy control via biosecurity isolate sick remove carriers rodent control depopulate restock vaccination does not block infection improves clinical signs interferes with surveillance

Salmonella one health

Carrier animals asymptomatic reducing bacterial burden reduces transmission antimicrobial resistance public health threat

CASE neonatal calf diarrhea fever blood diarrhea pneumonia recumbent

Salmonella infection in neonate

CASE adult cow decreased milk abortion fever anorexia

Salmonella in older cattle

CASE chick <3 weeks white pasty diarrhea huddling droopy wings

S. Pullorum

CASE adult chicken green diarrhea bronze liver poor egg production sudden death

S. Gallinarum

CASE weaned pig cyanosis blue ears diarrhea fever enlarged spleen

Salmonella Cholerasuis septicemia