Principles of Management Final

Human resources

finding and developing people in your workforce

Sexual harassment

unwelcome sexual advances, requests from sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct on sexual nature

Hostile work environment

a form of sexual harassment in which unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment

Recruiting

the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants

Job description

written description of tasks within a job

Internal recruiting

process of developing a pool of qualified people already within the company

External recruiting

pool outside the company

Motivation

the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

Needs

The physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being

Inputs

in equity theory, the contributions employees make to the organization

Outcomes

the rewards employees receive for their contributions to the organization

Reinforcement theory

a behavioral management theory that suggests behavior is a function of its consequences, and that positive or negative reinforcements influence future behavior.

Positive reinforcement

reinforcement that strengthens behavior by following with desirable consequences

Negative reinforcement

Reinforcement that strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence when employees perform a specific behavior

Punishment

reinforcement that weakens behavior by following behaviors with undesirable consequences

Performance feedback

Information about the quality or quantity of past performance that indicates whether progress is being made toward the accomplishment of a goal

Leadership

the process of influencing others to achieve group or organization goals

Situational favorableness

the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members

Position power

the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers

Supportive leadership

a leadership style in which the leader is friendly and approachable to employees

Strategic leadership

the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization

Visionary leadership

leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting

Communication

the process of transmitting information from one person or place to another

Perception

the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments

Closure

the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don’t know is consistent with what we already know

Encoding

putting a message into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the reciever

Decoding

receiver translates the message

Feedback to sender

return message to see if receiver understands the message

Noise

anything that interferes the message

Downward communication

communication that flows from higher to lower levels in an organization

Upward communication

lower to higher (employee to manager)

Informal communication channel

the transmission of messages from employee to employee outside of formal communication channels

Coaching

communicating with someone for the direct purpose of improving the persons on the job performance or behavior

Counseling

communicating with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person’s performance

Non-verbal communication

actions not words

Communication medium

used to deliver a message

Listening

making a conscious effort to hear

Active listening

assuming half the responsibility for successful communication by actively giving the speaker nonjudgmental feedback that shows you’ve accurately heard what he or she said

Constructive feedback

helpful and encouraging feedback

Cross-cultural communication

transmitting information from a person in one country or culture to a person from another country

Address terms

cultural norms on how to address people at work

Appointment time

how punctual you must be when showing up for scheduled appointments

Scheduled time

scheduled projects and jobs need to be completed

Company hotline

phone numbers that anyone can call anonymously to the company

Survey feedback

getting feedback from customers about your company

Blog

personal website that states opinions